Group 1 - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for 2025 was awarded to three scholars for their research on "creative destruction as a means to achieve sustained growth" [1] - The winners are Joel Mokyr from Northwestern University, Philippe Aghion from the London School of Economics and the European Business School in Paris, and Peter Howitt from Brown University [1][2] - The prize amount is 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 1.2 million USD), with Mokyr receiving half and Aghion and Howitt sharing the remaining half [1] Group 2 - Mokyr's research focuses on the Industrial Revolution and subsequent phases, demonstrating that "sustained economic growth" was initially fueled by waves of technological innovations [2] - Aghion and Howitt developed a measurable "creative destruction" growth model in 1992, which illustrates the historical process of new technologies replacing old ones [2] - Aghion expressed concerns about American protectionism, stating it is detrimental to growth and innovation, and emphasized the need for Europe to not fall behind in technology [2] Group 3 - The 2025 award marks the third time the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has been shared by three scholars, with the previous instance occurring in 2024 [2] - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has a history of gender inequality, with only three female laureates, making it one of the awards with the highest male-to-female ratio [3]