Core Insights - The discussion on pension reform emphasizes the importance of funding sources, with a focus on how to raise and effectively utilize funds [1][2] - There are differing perspectives on pension reform, with some advocating for higher pension levels in line with GDP growth, while others stress the need for a solid financial framework [1] - The first pillar of China's pension system is not purely universal or safety-net based, as it is closely linked to contribution years and bases, indicating a strong actuarial component [1] Funding Sources - The first pillar is crucial not only for its wide population coverage but also for its role in stimulating consumption, linking pension benefits to the question of funding sources [2] - There is a need to balance pension benefits with the financial capabilities of enterprises, as excessive social security contributions can undermine their competitiveness [2] Impact of AI - The influence of artificial intelligence on income distribution is significant, potentially widening the gap rather than narrowing it [2] - There is currently a lack of effective channels to distribute the efficiencies and GDP growth generated by AI to the pension system, highlighting a critical area for future research [2]

（原标题：周小川：养老保障政策制定要充分考虑企业的实际情况 |直击外滩年会） 10月23日下午，十二届全国政协副主席、中国人民银行原行长周小川在2025外滩年会圆桌论坛"多层次 养老保障中的政府、市场与社会协同"上就养老保障体系建设分享了他的看法。 周小川表示，有几个问题需要进一步厘清概念，以减少争议。中国的养老第一支柱并非简单的普惠性、 兜底性支出，在待遇计发公式中，其很大程度与缴费年限和缴费基数挂钩，并设有上下限。近期，领取 养老金最低缴费年限从15年延长至20年。这都表明，中国的养老第一支柱包含了很强的精算和贡献关联 成分，其性质并非纯粹的第一支柱，这与OECD（经合组织）和世界银行所定义的第一支柱在概念上并 不完全一致。 最后，周小川谈到了人工智能的影响。他表示，从目前的讨论来看，人工智能很可能显著加大而非缩小 收入分配差距。然而，目前尚未建立有效的渠道和机制，将人工智能带来的新增效率和GDP增量分配给 养老金体系。这是一个亟待研究的课题，并且与企业考量密切相关。他希望研究养老金的各界人士和政 策制定者，能对企业的感受和诉求给予更多关注。 周小川表示，养老第一支柱非常重要，不仅因其人口覆盖广，还关乎当 ...