本轮拨款冲突的一大导火索是有关国土安全部下属移民与海关执法局(ICE)的预算和执法改革议题。在 议员们看来，近期有关ICE执法行动引发争议，在预算法案中加入执法改革条款成为谈判焦点之一。民 主党希望通过改革措施，例如要求执法人员佩戴执法记录设备、明确执法准则等，而部分共和党议员则 反对在拨款案中加入此类附带条件。 白宫方面，美国总统唐纳德.特朗普已呼吁两党支持达成协议，以保障联邦政府主要机构运转直至财政 年度结束，并避免停摆对社会和市场带来冲击。 经济观察人士指出，部分政府停摆可能影响非核心政府服务和联邦雇员工资发放节奏，还可能令金融市 场短期波动上升，但由于多数政府预算已获通过，且停摆预计为短期性质，其对整体经济的长期影响可 能有限。 美国政府因国会未能及时通过联邦拨款法案，正走向可能在本周六开始的部分政府停摆。据多家媒体报 道，截至1月29日，参议院原定的拨款表决因议员反对而搁浅，令政府资金问题僵持不下。 参议院多数党领袖约翰.图恩和民主党领袖查克.舒默此前曾就一项短期避免停摆的折中方案达成初步协 议，计划将国土安全部的拨款从六项拨款案中独立出来，并对其暂时延长两周资金，同时让其余五项拨 款延续至财政年度 ...

Core Points - The White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is directing federal agencies to prepare large-scale layoff plans in anticipation of a potential government shutdown, specifically targeting employees involved in "non-mandatory programs" [1][2] - The OMB memo indicates that if the government shuts down, there will be a permanent reduction in federal employees, contrasting with past practices where most employees faced temporary furloughs [1][2] - The memo outlines that projects without statutory funding will be the primary targets of the government shutdown's impact, and agencies are required to submit proposed layoff plans [2] Summary by Sections OMB Directives - OMB has instructed agencies to identify discretionary projects and activities that will lose funding after October 1, and to draft layoff plans for employees involved in these areas [1][2] - The memo emphasizes that even employees who could be exempt from furloughs during funding lapses must receive layoff notifications [2] Current Legislative Context - The memo was released amid a funding impasse between Republicans and Democrats in Congress, with the House passing a temporary funding bill to keep federal operations running until November 21, but Senate Democrats refusing to advance it [2] - OMB noted that if Congress passes a "clean" temporary funding bill by September 30, the additional measures outlined in the memo would not need to be implemented [2] Political Reactions - Some Democratic leaders, including Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, have expressed concerns that the memo serves as a tactic to intimidate, suggesting that the administration's actions could undermine essential government services [3][4] - House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries views the threat of layoffs as a serious issue, particularly for federal employees in Virginia, urging voters to remember this during the upcoming elections [4]