故宫防火文化

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故宫里的“避火咒”与“镇火兽”丨京华物语
Xin Jing Bao· 2025-08-18 04:48
Core Insights - The article explores the cultural significance of fire prevention methods embedded in the architecture of the Forbidden City, highlighting various traditional beliefs and practices aimed at disaster prevention [3][14][20]. Group 1: Architectural Features - The intricate design of the "dragon and phoenix" coffered ceiling in the Hall of Supreme Harmony serves not only as a symbol of imperial power but also as a traditional fire prevention tool, believed to have protective qualities against fire [5][10]. - The unique writing style of the character "门" (door) on the gate plaques, which lacks a hook, reflects ancient fire prevention superstitions, dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty [6][8]. - The "Chiwun" (a mythical creature) placed at the roof corners of the Forbidden City is believed to ward off fire, with historical references to its protective role against fire disasters [9][12]. Group 2: Water Sources and Firewalls - The inner Golden Water River, designed to meander through the Forbidden City, serves as a practical water source for firefighting, allowing for quick access to water during emergencies [14][16]. - The construction of solid "firewalls" and "wind-fire eaves walls" in the Forbidden City reflects a strategic approach to fire prevention, particularly after significant fire incidents [16][18]. Group 3: Firefighting Equipment - The use of large bronze water tanks, known as "海," strategically placed throughout the Forbidden City, serves as a primary firefighting resource, with historical records indicating the presence of over 300 tanks during the Qing Dynasty [21][23]. - The "water dragon" and "pumping barrels" represent advanced firefighting technology of the time, with the water dragon being particularly effective in extinguishing fires from a distance [23][24].