Core Insights - The book "Data Capital" argues that data is a new form of public resource and a key production factor that can drive economic development, necessitating a reevaluation of data ownership and usage rights to achieve economic transformation [4][5]. Group 1: Data as a Production Factor - Data is recognized as a core production factor alongside land, labor, and financial capital, but it is predominantly controlled by a few entities, leading to data monopolies [6]. - The monopolization of data hinders economic growth and social progress, prompting a need to rethink data ownership and usage rights [6][7]. Group 2: Community Data Cooperation - The authors advocate for community data cooperation as a solution to data monopolization, where individuals voluntarily share their data to create value for community members [7]. - An example is provided of a data cooperative for artists and musicians, initiated by institutions like Berklee College of Music and MIT, aimed at improving the music ecosystem through technology and incentive mechanisms [7][8]. Group 3: Open Access and Metadata Models - The music industry can adopt open access paradigms from other sectors to create optional creative metadata models, which help reduce transaction complexity and operational costs [8][9]. - A three-layer architecture for the digital music ecosystem is proposed, including a music metadata layer, a copyright and royalty management layer, and a virtual asset layer for music rights [9]. Group 4: Privacy and Open Algorithms - The book introduces a five-layer architecture for data privacy protection, emphasizing the importance of designing shared analytical results rather than exporting data [10][11]. - Two privacy-preserving computation paradigms are discussed: secret sharing and multi-party computation, which enhance data security while allowing collaborative analysis [11]. Group 5: Blockchain and Interoperability - The development of blockchain technology faces challenges in achieving interoperability among different blockchain networks, which is essential for its role as a foundational infrastructure in future commerce [12][13]. - The authors emphasize that human considerations must be central to discussions about digital capital, aiming for a system that promotes health, inclusivity, and benefits for all stakeholders [13].