Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical evolution of job roles, emphasizing the shift from repetitive tasks to creative and empathetic roles, and from single skills to interdisciplinary thinking [1][47]. Group 1: Popular Majors and Employment Crisis - In 2023, the top 20 popular undergraduate majors are predominantly in STEM fields, with electrical engineering and automation leading with a heat score of 82,000 [2][3]. - Despite the popularity of these majors, an unexpected employment crisis is emerging, particularly in the U.S. where computer science, once considered a top field, now has a high unemployment rate of 6.1% [5][6]. - The article highlights that the perception of job security in popular fields does not correlate with actual employment stability in the AI era [22]. Group 2: Impact of AI on Employment - By 2030, it is predicted that over 12 million jobs in the U.S. will disappear, affecting not only low-skilled labor but also white-collar jobs previously considered secure [8]. - A study predicts that up to 70% of roles in professions like medicine, law, and education may be replaced by AI by 2028 [9]. - The article notes that the demand for computer science graduates is not necessarily increasing due to oversupply and the need for more skilled candidates [18][20]. Group 3: Shifts in Educational Focus - Major universities are reducing humanities courses while expanding STEM programs, with over 100 new AI-related majors added in the last six years in China [12][13]. - The article cites that the number of STEM graduates in China is eight times that of the U.S., indicating a significant shift in educational focus towards technical fields [16]. Group 4: Job Market Transformation - The retail and manufacturing sectors are expected to see significant job losses, with 2.8 million and 2.1 million jobs respectively needing to be reallocated by 2030 [28]. - In manufacturing, the demand for basic skill jobs is declining, while the need for engineers and high-level management is increasing [30]. - The financial sector is also undergoing transformation, with an estimated 600,000 jobs affected, particularly in roles like cashiers and data entry [31][32]. Group 5: Future Skills Demand - The article emphasizes the importance of both technical and social-emotional skills in the future job market, with predictions of a 29% increase in technical skills demand in the U.S. by 2030 [43]. - It highlights that the integration of technical and social-emotional skills will be crucial, as both STEM and humanities graduates will need to adapt to the evolving job landscape [45][47].