公共披露授权 政策研究工作论文 11325 向内/向外转变 哪些社会情感技能能为尼日利亚的农业企业家带 来回报？ 斯米塔·达斯 克拉 拉·德拉瓦拉德 阿 约德莱·法绍贡 斯 里拉克希米·帕皮内 尼 非洲区域性别创新实 验室 2026年2月 验证可重现性包可在http://reproducibility.worldbank.org获 取，点击即可直接访问。 这里 公共披露授权 公共披露授权 公共披露授权 政策研究工作论文 11325 摘要 社会情感技能项目广泛用于促进经济赋权，但其回报可 能因技能类型和性别而异。本文评估了尼日利亚一项大 规模政府项目中针对4,500名农业企业主的社会情感技能 干预措施。通过随机对照试验，本文考察了以人际交往 技能为重点的培训，当与男性女性相结合的个人技能相 结合时，是否会带来更高的经济效益。总体而言，社会 情感技能培训提高了女性的经济成果，使企业利润增长 超过50％。人际交往和组合治疗产生了相似的经济影响 。然而，研究发现，人际交往技能培训提高了... 女性的人际交往技能（谈判、同理心和协作），以及结 合训练提高男性的内心技能（情感意识和毅力）。在支 持规范的环境中，对女性商业 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical evolution of job roles, emphasizing the shift from repetitive tasks to creative and empathetic roles, and from single skills to interdisciplinary thinking [1][47]. Group 1: Popular Majors and Employment Crisis - In 2023, the top 20 popular undergraduate majors are predominantly in STEM fields, with electrical engineering and automation leading with a heat score of 82,000 [2][3]. - Despite the popularity of these majors, an unexpected employment crisis is emerging, particularly in the U.S. where computer science, once considered a top field, now has a high unemployment rate of 6.1% [5][6]. - The article highlights that the perception of job security in popular fields does not correlate with actual employment stability in the AI era [22]. Group 2: Impact of AI on Employment - By 2030, it is predicted that over 12 million jobs in the U.S. will disappear, affecting not only low-skilled labor but also white-collar jobs previously considered secure [8]. - A study predicts that up to 70% of roles in professions like medicine, law, and education may be replaced by AI by 2028 [9]. - The article notes that the demand for computer science graduates is not necessarily increasing due to oversupply and the need for more skilled candidates [18][20]. Group 3: Shifts in Educational Focus - Major universities are reducing humanities courses while expanding STEM programs, with over 100 new AI-related majors added in the last six years in China [12][13]. - The article cites that the number of STEM graduates in China is eight times that of the U.S., indicating a significant shift in educational focus towards technical fields [16]. Group 4: Job Market Transformation - The retail and manufacturing sectors are expected to see significant job losses, with 2.8 million and 2.1 million jobs respectively needing to be reallocated by 2030 [28]. - In manufacturing, the demand for basic skill jobs is declining, while the need for engineers and high-level management is increasing [30]. - The financial sector is also undergoing transformation, with an estimated 600,000 jobs affected, particularly in roles like cashiers and data entry [31][32]. Group 5: Future Skills Demand - The article emphasizes the importance of both technical and social-emotional skills in the future job market, with predictions of a 29% increase in technical skills demand in the U.S. by 2030 [43]. - It highlights that the integration of technical and social-emotional skills will be crucial, as both STEM and humanities graduates will need to adapt to the evolving job landscape [45][47].