Group 1 - The core idea of the article revolves around Japan's proposed "single tax," which is actually a misinterpretation of a new system aimed at supporting families with children through financial contributions from all working individuals [1][2][8] - The Japanese government is implementing a "Child and Parenting Support Fund System" to encourage childbirth, as the birth rate has significantly declined [9][10] - All employed individuals, regardless of marital or parental status, will contribute an average of 250 yen per month in 2026, increasing to 450 yen by 2028, which is not a tax but a form of social welfare contribution [10][12] Group 2 - The funds collected will be pooled and redistributed to support families with children, providing benefits such as 100,000 yen for pregnancy and childbirth, monthly allowances for children, and various educational and healthcare subsidies [14][16] - The policy has sparked criticism, particularly from single individuals who feel they are unfairly burdened by contributing to a system that primarily benefits those with children [17][18] - The article suggests that this system could be more accurately termed a "childless tax," as even married couples without children will not benefit from these subsidies [18][29] Group 3 - The global trend of declining birth rates is highlighted, with the United Nations reporting that the average number of children per woman is approaching the replacement level of 2.1 [37][40] - Countries worldwide are adopting similar measures to encourage childbirth, often through financial incentives and support systems funded by taxpayers [82][88] - The article discusses the societal implications of declining birth rates, emphasizing the need for younger generations to sustain economic growth and support aging populations [41][43]