2025.11. 02 本文字数：2123，阅读时长大约4分钟 之所以地方在推进无烟立法时长期持审慎态度，一定程度上是因为对于如"无烟立法能否达成社会共 识""立法带来的经济和社会收益能否超过实施立法本身所造成的经济成本""是否应该等待全国性的 立法落地再推行"等关键问题，存在多方利益博弈且缺少实证性数据。 北京是国内首批出台全面符合世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》标准的地方性控烟法规的城市之 一。在近日举办的2025无烟城市建设北京国际论坛期间，北京发布的最新控烟证据显示，对于地方 而言，全面无烟立法的好处见诸社会经济的各个方面。 首先，无烟立法可以有效减少吸烟行为。对于减少吸烟归因疾病负担，立法效益立竿见影。 北京市疾病预防控制中心副主任刘晓峰介绍说，今年是《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施十周年，相关健 康指标和健康效应成效显著。2025年，北京市15岁及以上成人吸烟率为19.2%，较2015年《北京 市控制吸烟条例》实施时累计下降4.2个百分点。各类室内公共场所二手烟暴露率与《北京市控制吸 烟条例》实施前相比均有改善，酒吧等娱乐场所和餐馆下降幅度最大。成人戒烟率增长近一倍。 与此同时，刘晓峰表示，《北京市控制 ...

Core Points - Only 24 cities in China, covering approximately 16% of the population, are under 100% smoke-free legislative protection nearly 20 years after the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control came into effect [1] - The progress of comprehensive smoke-free legislation in China has slowed down in recent years, with societal attitudes towards smoking changing faster than the legislative process [1] - Key issues such as social consensus on smoke-free legislation, economic benefits versus costs, and the potential for nationwide legislation are causing local governments to be cautious in implementing smoke-free laws [1] Legislative Impact - Beijing has implemented comprehensive local smoking regulations that align with WHO standards, showing significant social and economic benefits [1] - The smoking rate among adults aged 15 and above in Beijing decreased to 19.2% in 2025, down 4.2 percentage points since the implementation of the Beijing Smoking Control Regulation in 2015 [2] - The regulation has led to a significant reduction in secondhand smoke exposure in various indoor public places, with the largest decreases observed in bars and restaurants [2] Economic Benefits - From 2015 to 2025, the Beijing Smoking Control Regulation generated a total economic benefit of 125.7 billion RMB, accounting for 0.23% of Beijing's GDP during the same period [3] - In 2024, the regulation is estimated to contribute approximately 11.6 billion RMB to the economy, representing about 0.22% of Beijing's GDP for that year [3] - The reduction in smoking-related healthcare costs is projected to save 2.64 billion RMB in 2024, which is 2.5% of the total healthcare expenditure in Beijing [3] Enforcement Challenges - Cities with smoke-free legislation are experiencing stricter enforcement, but challenges remain, including inter-departmental coordination issues and low compliance from businesses [4] - Public participation in smoking regulation enforcement has increased, with citizens actively reporting violations in various public spaces [4] - The complexity of enforcement is heightened by the lack of awareness of local smoking regulations among transient populations in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai [5] Shanghai's Experience - Shanghai has implemented its own smoking control regulations, which have undergone multiple revisions over 15 years, now including a complete indoor smoking ban and regulations on electronic cigarettes [5] - Since the indoor smoking ban was enacted in 2017, Shanghai has seen an annual average of 2.2 million RMB in fines for violations, with a significant drop in smoking rates in designated non-smoking areas [5]

Group 1: Tobacco Control and Legislation - The WHO emphasizes the importance of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to reduce smoking rates and related socio-economic harms, advocating for 100% smoke-free environments in indoor public spaces [3][8][10] - As of now, 24 cities in China have implemented comprehensive smoke-free policies, covering approximately 16% of the population, but the target of 20% coverage by 2022 has not been met [2][8][9] - Public support for smoke-free legislation is high, with support rates reaching 96% in Beijing and around 90% in other cities, indicating a societal shift towards anti-smoking norms [9][12] Group 2: Economic Impact of Tobacco Consumption - The tobacco industry in China reported a total tax and profit of 16,008 billion yuan in 2024, a 5.0% increase year-on-year, while other sectors, such as dining, have seen growth following smoke-free legislation [12][14] - Reducing tobacco consumption can lead to increased spending in other sectors, such as education and dining, which can stimulate economic growth [12][13] - The economic burden of tobacco-related diseases in China was estimated at 15,214 billion yuan in 2018, equivalent to 1.7% of GDP, highlighting the financial impact of smoking on healthcare costs [6][12] Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite progress, achieving 100% smoke-free environments remains challenging due to resistance from the tobacco industry and the need for consistent national legislation [10][11] - The last increase in tobacco tax occurred in 2015, and there is potential for further tax increases to align with WHO recommendations, as current tax levels are below optimal [14][15] - The rise of e-cigarettes poses additional challenges, as they may increase the likelihood of tobacco use among youth, necessitating targeted public health campaigns [16]