Core Viewpoint - The International Meridian Circle Scientific Program aims to enhance global monitoring and research of space weather, addressing the need for international collaboration in understanding and mitigating space weather disasters [3][9]. Group 1: Importance of International Collaboration - Space weather is a global phenomenon that requires extensive observation across various regions, making international cooperation essential for effective monitoring and research [3]. - The program focuses on the physical processes and changes in space weather, leveraging ground-based detection as a primary method due to its advantages in cost and reliability [3][6]. Group 2: Geographical Significance - The choice of the meridian circle along East Longitude 120° to West Longitude 60° is strategic, as it provides comprehensive land coverage for establishing ground observation facilities, creating a closed monitoring loop [4][5]. Group 3: Scientific Objectives - The program aims to construct a global monitoring chain for the Earth-space system, focusing on understanding the interactions between solar activity and terrestrial phenomena, as well as addressing three major scientific challenges related to space weather [6][7]. Group 4: Infrastructure and Capabilities - The Meridian Project has established a robust ground-based monitoring network, consisting of 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, which enhances the capability for comprehensive observation of the Earth-space environment [8]. - The project has also developed a competitive research team in space physics and weather, providing a solid foundation for the implementation of the international program [8]. Group 5: Global Engagement - The program has already secured cooperation agreements with 36 international organizations and research institutions, indicating a strong collaborative framework for at least 11 years of research and observation [9].