张佼佼：我们发现在这种几百公里尺度的周期性密度结构内，还存在着很多更小尺度的10米级的不 规则体。 为什么要研究电离层不规则结构？张佼佼表示，这对无线电通信、卫星导航定位等系统具有显著影 响。 张佼佼：电离层的这种不规则结构，尤其会影响北斗导航定位的精度。我们通过研究来对空间天气 进行预测，更好地使北斗导航系统或者通讯系统，避免受到这些不好的空间天气的影响。 央广网北京10月9日消息（记者朱敏）据中央广播电视总台中国之声《新闻和报纸摘要》报道，国 家重大科技基础设施——空间环境地基综合监测网，即子午工程二期今年3月通过国家验收，进入正式 运营阶段。运营数月来，已取得多项原创成果。中国之声特别策划《向祖国报告》9日推出《国之重器 子午工程正式运营：破解空间天气之谜》。 国庆假期，北京怀柔子午工程综合信息与运控中心，巨型电子显示屏上的数字不停跳动，那是从万 里之外的太空实时传回的新数据。这些数字产生于子午工程96个站点，282台（套）监测设备。 和这些数据不停歇一样，"80后"科学家张佼佼也不敢休息，作为子午工程二期北方中纬高频雷达网 首席科学家，张佼佼带领团队目前在中尺度电离层行进式扰动和亚极光区极化流演化等方 ...

新华社洛杉矶9月24日电（记者谭晶晶）美国航天局24日与美国国家海洋和大气管理局联合发射三 枚空间探测器，旨在研究太阳风和空间天气对地球及太阳系的影响。 这三枚探测器包括美航天局的星际测绘与加速探测器（IMAP）、卡拉瑟斯地冕天文台以及美国家 海洋和大气管理局的空间天气跟踪观测卫星SWFO-L1。 美国东部时间24日7时30分，这三枚探测器搭乘美太空探索技术公司"猎鹰9"号火箭从佛罗里达州肯 尼迪航天中心升空，将飞往第一拉格朗日点。该点位于地球和太阳之间，距离地球约160万公里，是空 间观测和探索的重要位置。预计探测器将于明年1月抵达该目的地。 据美航天局介绍，这三项任务将分别聚焦太阳风及空间天气的不同影响，以帮助科学界更好地了解 太阳对地球宜居性的作用，绘制太阳系空间分布图，并提升应对空间天气对卫星、宇航员和航空飞行等 造成潜在威胁的能力。 据介绍，IMAP任务将重点研究太阳风层边界区域及其与邻近星系的相互作用，并实时监测太阳风 和高能粒子。相关数据将有助于模拟和提升对空间天气影响的预测能力，从而预防因太阳风暴引发的电 网中断、卫星失效等问题。 卡拉瑟斯地冕天文台是一颗小型卫星，以美国太空物理学家乔治·卡拉 ...

美国发射三枚空间探测器，旨在研究太阳风和空间天气对地球及太阳系的影响。 美国航天局当时时间9月24日与美国国家海洋和大气管理局联合发射三枚空间探测器，旨 在研究太阳风和空间天气对地球及太阳系的影响。 这三枚探测器包括美航天局的星际测绘与加速探测器（IMAP）、卡拉瑟斯地冕天文台以 及美国家海洋和大气管理局的空间天气跟踪观测卫星SWFO-L1。 美国东部时间2 4日7时30分，这三枚探测器搭乘美太空探索技术公司"猎鹰9"号火箭从佛 罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心升空，将飞往第一拉格朗日点。该点位于地球和太阳之间，距离 地球约160万公里，是空间观测和探索的重要位置。预计探测器将于明年1月抵达该目的 地。 据美航天局介绍，这三项任务将分别聚焦太阳风及空间天气的不同影响，以帮助科学界更 好地了解太阳对地球宜居性的作用，绘制太阳系空间分布图，并提升应对空间天气对卫 星、宇航员和航空飞行等造成潜在威胁的能力。 据介绍，IMAP任务将重点研究太阳风层边界区域及其与邻近星系的相互作用，并实时监 测太阳风和高能粒子。相关数据将有助于模拟和提升对空间天气影响的预测能力，从而 预防因太阳风暴引发的电网中断、卫星失效等问题 。 卡拉瑟斯地 ...

新华社洛杉矶9月24日电（记者谭晶晶）美国航天局24日与美国国家海洋和大气管理局联合发射三枚空 间探测器，旨在研究太阳风和空间天气对地球及太阳系的影响。 这三枚探测器包括美航天局的星际测绘与加速探测器（IMAP）、卡拉瑟斯地冕天文台以及美国家海洋 和大气管理局的空间天气跟踪观测卫星SWFO-L1。 美国东部时间24日7时30分，这三枚探测器搭乘美太空探索技术公司"猎鹰9"号火箭从佛罗里达州肯尼迪 航天中心升空，将飞往第一拉格朗日点。该点位于地球和太阳之间，距离地球约160万公里，是空间观 测和探索的重要位置。预计探测器将于明年1月抵达该目的地。 SWFO-L1是美国家海洋和大气管理局专门用于空间天气观测的卫星，将实时监测太阳活动和太阳风， 为预防可能影响地球的破坏性空间天气事件提供实时数据和预警信息。（完） 据介绍，IMAP任务将重点研究太阳风层边界区域及其与邻近星系的相互作用，并实时监测太阳风和高 能粒子。相关数据将有助于模拟和提升对空间天气影响的预测能力，从而预防因太阳风暴引发的电网中 断、卫星失效等问题。 卡拉瑟斯地冕天文台是一颗小型卫星，以美国太空物理学家乔治·卡拉瑟斯命名，将在第一拉格朗日点 持续观 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of China's first interstellar flicker monitoring telescope, known as the "Grassland Eye," marks a significant advancement in the country's capabilities for ground-based observation of interstellar flickering, enhancing its position in global space weather research [1][3]. Group 1: Telescope Overview - The interstellar flicker monitoring telescope is a major piece of equipment under the national infrastructure project "Meridian Project Phase II," with its detection sensitivity at an internationally leading level [1][3]. - The telescope consists of a main station and two auxiliary stations, forming an equilateral triangle layout, with each station approximately 200 kilometers apart [2][3]. Group 2: Purpose and Functionality - The primary purpose of monitoring interstellar flickering is to conduct space weather research and disaster forecasting, as solar activities can lead to significant disturbances affecting Earth [3][5]. - The telescope can capture radio signals from cosmic sources that are disrupted by solar wind, allowing for the monitoring of solar storms and their potential impacts on satellites, communication, navigation, and power grids [5][6]. Group 3: Technical Innovations - The main station features three rows of parabolic antennas, each measuring 140 meters in length and 40 meters in width, making it the largest parabolic radio telescope in China [6][7]. - Key technological breakthroughs include high-precision synchronization control and a digital multi-beam receiving system, which have been fully domestically developed [6][7]. Group 4: Performance and Impact - The "Grassland Eye" can simultaneously receive signals from multiple directions, with a detection sensitivity capable of capturing cosmic radio signals weaker than mobile phone signals by a factor of 10 billion [6][7]. - Since its operation, the telescope has demonstrated exceptional performance, successfully recording significant solar storm events and contributing valuable data for space weather forecasting [7].

"这台望远镜是国家重大基础设施'子午工程二期'的重大设备之一，当地人称它为'草原天眼'，其探测灵 敏度处于国际领先水平。"刚到达观测站，行星际闪烁监测望远镜首席科学家、空间中心研究员颜毅华 就热情地介绍起来，它的建成标志着我国行星际闪烁地基观测能力跃居世界前列。 预警"太空炸弹" 广袤的草原上，微风拂过，草浪泛起翠玉般光泽。放眼望去，3排硕大的银白色钢架如同拔地而起的巨 人，静静伫立。"看，那些抛物柱面框架结构就是主望远镜了。"车上的工作人员指着远处的"巨人"告诉 科技日报记者。 前不久，跟随中国科学院国家空间科学中心（以下简称"空间中心"）科研人员，记者来到地处内蒙古锡 林郭勒盟的空间中心明安图野外科学观测研究站，探秘我国首台行星际闪烁监测望远镜。 "什么是行星际闪烁？"刚下车，记者就迫不及待地问颜毅华。 "所谓行星际闪烁，就是遥远的宇宙射电源发出的无线电信号，在穿过太阳系时，被不均匀的太阳风'搅 乱'了路径，导致地球上接收到的信号出现快速、不规则变化，就像星星在太空中眨眼睛。"颜毅华解释 道，"这类似于我们透过波动的空气看远处的灯光，会有忽明忽暗的感觉。" 说话间，记者随颜毅华来到控制室。在这里，工作人员 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the development and significance of the "Fengyu" model, which is the world's first full-chain artificial intelligence forecasting model for space weather, enhancing China's capabilities in space weather monitoring and prediction [2][9]. Group 1: Importance of Space Weather Monitoring - The current solar activity poses threats to satellites, aircraft, and critical ground infrastructure due to unpredictable events like solar flares, likened to an invisible "cosmic tsunami" [4]. - Traditional forecasting methods rely heavily on numerical models, which are complex and time-consuming, making real-time responses challenging [5]. Group 2: Introduction of the "Fengyu" Model - The "Fengyu" model was officially launched on July 26, 2025, at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference, developed by the National Satellite Meteorological Center in collaboration with Nanchang University and Huawei [8]. - The model integrates physical models, numerical forecasting, and artificial intelligence, significantly improving China's space weather forecasting capabilities [9]. Group 3: Technological Innovations of the "Fengyu" Model - The model features a pioneering "chain training structure" that integrates forecasting processes into a collaborative system, addressing the limitations of previous isolated AI models [12]. - It introduces a unique "intelligent coupling optimization mechanism" that allows for real-time collaborative optimization among different regional models, enhancing forecasting accuracy [14]. - The model is built on the MindSpore Science suite and Ascend hardware, achieving superior training efficiency and predictive accuracy compared to traditional platforms [11][18]. Group 4: Performance and Applications - The "Fengyu" model has demonstrated exceptional short-term forecasting capabilities, maintaining prediction errors for global electron density within approximately 10% during significant geomagnetic storm events [25]. - It can guide spacecraft design and operational management, optimizing satellite fuel usage and flight posture in response to predicted space weather changes [27][28]. Group 5: Future Directions - The release of the "Fengyu" model marks a significant advancement in space weather monitoring and prediction, serving as a successful case in the AI for Science domain [30]. - Future developments aim to deploy AI capabilities directly on satellites for autonomous decision-making, representing a critical evolution in aerospace AI applications [31][32].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful development of the "Fengyu" model, which is the world's first full-chain artificial intelligence forecasting model for space weather, significantly enhancing China's capabilities in space weather prediction [2][3][6]. Group 1: Model Development and Features - The "Fengyu" model integrates physical models, numerical forecasting, and artificial intelligence, creating a tripartite structure that improves space weather forecasting capabilities [7]. - It employs innovative technologies such as upstream and downstream intelligent coupling, enabling collaborative optimization and rapid hourly forecasting across different space weather regions [8][12]. - The model is based on the MindSpore Science suite and Ascend hardware, achieving superior training efficiency and prediction accuracy compared to traditional platforms [9][15]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The model features the first international full-link intelligent modeling, covering solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere, with a flexible and efficient update mechanism [12]. - It introduces a coupling optimization mechanism that enhances the interaction between different regional models, improving the understanding and prediction accuracy of space weather phenomena [13][14]. - The model's architecture shifts from isolated operations to a collaborative approach, addressing the limitations of previous AI models in space weather forecasting [10][11]. Group 3: Data Integration and Performance - The "Fengyu" model benefits from China's "Earth-Space Integrated" observation system, which provides extensive and high-quality data for training and validation [16][18]. - It has demonstrated exceptional predictive performance, maintaining a prediction error of around 10% for global electron density during significant geomagnetic events, marking it as the best result globally [21]. - The model has applied for 11 national invention patents, indicating its innovative contributions to the field [22]. Group 4: Practical Applications - The model's predictive capabilities extend to satellite design, management, and operation, allowing for proactive measures against space weather impacts [24][25]. - It aids in optimizing satellite fuel usage and flight posture in response to predicted atmospheric changes due to space weather [26]. - The advancements in the "Fengyu" model represent a significant leap in space weather monitoring and forecasting, with implications for future AI applications in space exploration [27][28]. Group 5: Future Directions - The next step involves deploying AI capabilities directly on satellites for autonomous decision-making, marking a crucial evolution in AI applications within the aerospace sector [28][29].

Core Viewpoint - The International Meridian Circle Scientific Program aims to enhance global monitoring and research of space weather, addressing the need for international collaboration in understanding and mitigating space weather disasters [3][9]. Group 1: Importance of International Collaboration - Space weather is a global phenomenon that requires extensive observation across various regions, making international cooperation essential for effective monitoring and research [3]. - The program focuses on the physical processes and changes in space weather, leveraging ground-based detection as a primary method due to its advantages in cost and reliability [3][6]. Group 2: Geographical Significance - The choice of the meridian circle along East Longitude 120° to West Longitude 60° is strategic, as it provides comprehensive land coverage for establishing ground observation facilities, creating a closed monitoring loop [4][5]. Group 3: Scientific Objectives - The program aims to construct a global monitoring chain for the Earth-space system, focusing on understanding the interactions between solar activity and terrestrial phenomena, as well as addressing three major scientific challenges related to space weather [6][7]. Group 4: Infrastructure and Capabilities - The Meridian Project has established a robust ground-based monitoring network, consisting of 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, which enhances the capability for comprehensive observation of the Earth-space environment [8]. - The project has also developed a competitive research team in space physics and weather, providing a solid foundation for the implementation of the international program [8]. Group 5: Global Engagement - The program has already secured cooperation agreements with 36 international organizations and research institutions, indicating a strong collaborative framework for at least 11 years of research and observation [9].

Core Viewpoint - The recent solar prominence eruption observed by China's "Xihe" satellite is a significant event, with a plasma channel extending approximately 400,000 kilometers, roughly the distance from Earth to the Moon, indicating the ongoing high activity of the sun and potential implications for space weather [1][4][6]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Its Implications - Solar activity is currently at a peak, with the 25th solar cycle entering its high phase, expected to continue through 2024 and 2025, indicating a higher frequency of solar events compared to the previous cycle [4][8]. - The occurrence of X-class solar flares has been notable, with over 60 such flares recorded from 2024 to the present, each equivalent to the energy consumption of China over 300,000 years, posing risks of coronal mass ejections and significant geomagnetic storms [6][8]. - The potential for large-scale solar eruptions remains high until the end of this active period in 2030, particularly concerning coronal mass ejections and X-class flares that could trigger strong geomagnetic storms [8][9]. Group 2: Challenges to Space Assets - The increasing frequency of solar activity poses significant challenges to the safety of space assets, with approximately half of satellite failures attributed to space weather events [9][11]. - High-energy particles from solar eruptions can disrupt satellite electronics and compromise astronaut safety during extravehicular activities [11][22]. Group 3: Advances in Space Weather Forecasting - The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models for space weather forecasting represents a significant advancement, enabling real-time monitoring and prediction of solar events and their impacts on Earth [12][16][20]. - A new AI model, designed to integrate various observational data and numerical models, aims to enhance the accuracy of space weather predictions by establishing a comprehensive monitoring system [14][16]. - The integration of AI in space weather forecasting allows for automatic identification of solar wind sources, improving the effectiveness of predictions and responses to solar events [17][19]. Group 4: Enhancing Satellite Protection - There is a growing emphasis on improving the protective capabilities of satellite systems against space weather impacts, with recommendations for incorporating AI technologies directly into satellite operations for autonomous decision-making [20][24]. - The design and operation of satellites must consider the effects of space weather from the outset, including radiation exposure and potential changes in orbital dynamics due to solar activity [22][24].