Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the changing dynamics of women's lives in Japan, highlighting the increasing number of women living independently without marriage, and the socio-economic factors influencing these choices [2][3][4]. Group 1: Societal Changes and Women's Choices - The drama "The Two in the Residential Area" reflects the lives of two single women in their 50s, showcasing the warmth of their friendship amidst societal neglect of their realities [1][2]. - The long-term economic stagnation in Japan has led to a significant rise in the lifetime unmarried rate for women, projected to reach nearly 30% by 2035 [3]. - Many women view marriage as a potential risk rather than a safety net due to pressures from the job market and changing gender roles [5][10]. Group 2: Employment and Economic Factors - The employment landscape for women has shifted dramatically since the 1990s, with many being pushed into non-regular employment, resulting in lower wages and job security [6][7]. - The average monthly salary for women in non-regular positions is about 60% of that of regular employees, contributing to a precarious financial situation [7]. - The fear of job loss has led to a new survival strategy among women, where they are hesitant to leave their jobs even for marriage [8]. Group 3: Marriage and Family Dynamics - Traditional gender roles have been disrupted, making marriage less economically viable for women, as male incomes have stagnated or declined [10][11]. - Women are increasingly burdened with both professional and domestic responsibilities, leading to a "double shift" that diminishes the appeal of marriage [12][13]. - The reform of divorce laws has made it easier for women to leave unsatisfactory marriages, but the economic consequences of single parenthood remain severe [14][15]. Group 4: Systemic Issues and Social Support - Japan's welfare system primarily supports families, leaving single women at a disadvantage, often referred to as a "systemic single tax" [16][17]. - The projected increase in elderly single women living alone raises concerns about their financial security and access to social support [18][19]. - The article emphasizes the need for a social safety net that does not rely on marital status, advocating for a system that supports all individuals regardless of their family structure [24][25].