Core Insights - The research reveals the origins and social structure of the Shijia culture, indicating a complex early state formation in China, based on a large-scale ancient genomic study published in *Nature* [1][2]. Group 1: Key Discoveries - The study achieved precise tracing of the Shijia culture's population roots, confirming that the main population originated from local Yangshao late-period residents in northern Shaanxi, demonstrating clear genetic continuity [2]. - Genetic components from northern grassland populations and southern coastal agricultural groups were detected, illustrating a dynamic picture of cultural integration and the multi-faceted nature of early Chinese civilization [2]. Group 2: Interaction Patterns - The research clarifies the interaction modes among populations, showing that the Shijia culture had significant genetic exchanges with groups from the Central Plains, northern grasslands, and southern coastal areas, while lacking connections with populations from Eurasian western grasslands and Central Asia [3]. - The findings suggest that the Shijia site served as a regional political and military center, as well as a cultural and trade hub during prehistoric times [3]. Group 3: Social Structure Insights - The study reconstructs the kinship ties and social organization of the early state, revealing a patrilineal hierarchical society with significant social stratification [4]. - The analysis of burial practices indicates a complex social structure, with variations in sacrificial practices reflecting class distinctions within the Shijia culture [4]. - This research marks a shift from material studies to a more precise understanding of human and social dynamics in the context of early Chinese civilization [4].