这是世界上黄土层最厚的一块塬地。 已灭绝的黄河古象曾埋葬在这里，中华民族的人文始祖"黄帝"和中医始祖"岐伯"的故事发生在这里。 法国人桑志华在这里发现了中国出土的第一件旧石器。哈佛大学考古学家张光直评价，中国古人类化石 与旧石器时代文化研究就是从此开始的。 秦始皇修建的秦直道从这里穿过。王昭君出塞时经过，在一道山梁上梳妆打扮，"打扮梁"的地名至今沿 用。 这里是庆阳。 曾为黄土高原拍摄纪录片的导演金铁木在这里工作后，常常在想一个问题——贫瘠的黄土地，怎么会拥 有那么大的力量？ 如今，他或许可以从新出版的一套书中找到答案——《庆阳历史文化大观丛书》。这套丛书是首部反映 庆阳历史文化整体概貌的著作，包括遗址文物卷、民俗非遗卷、名人贤达卷等6卷，共140万余字，历时 两年多完成，由中国青年出版总社出版。 地方史志有记录生活的传统 实际上，生活在这块土地上的人们，一直在记录着他们的生活。庆阳历来重视编修地方史志，明清时期 至少有7部府志和19部县志问世，留下极为宝贵的山川地理、堡寨要隘、赋役物产、历史沿革的资料， 形成较甘肃其他地区更为完备的编写体例和续修传统。 其中保存最为完整、史料价值最大的一部《庆阳府志》，藏于 ...

（来源：光明日报） 这件陶罐高约19厘米，为两袋形陶体相连造型，平底短钮，胎质为夹砂黄陶，质地粗朴。一腹饰双 勾三角折线纹，另一腹饰双勾菱形纹，纹饰均先刻画成形，再于沟槽内敷施朱、黑两色矿物颜料，宛如 史前工匠以陶为纸、以彩为墨所绘的原始图腾。这种"刻画填彩"的技法色彩鲜明、对比强烈，是卡若陶 器的一大特色。陶罐肩部的穿孔钮似兽耳，可系绳携带，兼顾神圣性与实用性。 1978年，海拔3100多米的台地上，昌都澜沧江畔的卡若村相继出土了磨制石斧、碳化粟粒，以及这 件双体陶罐，呈现出青藏高原早期以农业为重要生产方式的文明图景。 这件双体陶罐，是做什么用的呢？陶罐表面有明显的烟熏痕迹，且出土时带有修补印记，表明它曾 被反复使用。何晓东介绍，考虑到其制作工艺复杂、造型独特，在同期遗存中极为罕见，专家推测，它 很可能是社群中的贵重器物，用于祭祀、宴飨等彰显社会等级或宗教意义的场合，与后来礼器的概念有 相通之处。 作为西藏新石器时代的人类文化遗址，卡若遗址引发考古界对于青藏高原早期文明起源的深入思 考。在中华文明起源进程中，卡若遗址扮演着怎样的角色呢？ 经过仔细研究比照，专家们发现了一条重要线索——这只双体陶罐的纹饰竟与千 ...

16日，中国社会科学院、国家文物局等部门在上海公布2023—2025年取得的重大考古成果。其中一项聚焦红山文化，综合两年来辽宁、内蒙古、河北的红山 文化考古成果，发现5000多年前，红山文化并未消失，而是向西向南拓展，并把相关礼仪体系融进中华文明起源发展的大脉络里。 2023—2025年，中国社会科学院考古研究所等多家单位，在辽宁、内蒙古、河北三省区开展红山文化考古工作。其中，辽宁牛河梁遗址，拥有红山文化等级 最高、规模最大的祭祀礼仪活动中心，是红山文化繁荣阶段的典型代表。20世纪80年代，辽宁牛河梁遗址发现了"女神庙"、祭坛和积石冢墓地，构成了近似 历史时期都城才有的祭祀组合。近两年来，新发现7座红烧土坑，其排列方式与"北斗"相似，初步推测可能与天象崇拜或季节性祭祀有关。 中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员 贾笑冰：原来认为是距今5000年以后它就衰落了，那现在看，至少要持续到距今4800年，晚了200年，现在看不仅它没有 衰落，而是向西向南发展，把红山文化创造的这些祭祀礼仪体系，就贡献到了中华文明起源的这个大的脉络里面。 陕西寨沟遗址出土类型多样陶范 16日公布的2023—2025年重大考古成果中，陕西寨沟遗 ...

河南平粮台古城遗址博物馆新馆试运营 中新网周口12月1日电 (经晓佳 杜欣)历经近两年建设，位于河南省周口市淮阳区的平粮台古城遗址博物 馆新馆于11月30日进入试运营阶段，将系统向公众展示其跨越4000年的历史积淀与文化魅力。 平粮台古城遗址作为龙山文化晚期代表性城址，是迄今中国考古发现最早的方形城，入选2019年度"全 国十大考古新发现"。平粮台古城遗址博物馆新馆依遗址而建，总投资9000多万元，建筑面积17606平方 米，设计融合传统与现代元素，力图与周边历史环境和谐共生。试运营期间，馆内将有序开放基本陈列 区与临时展览空间，展出陶器、玉器、青铜器等珍贵文物，并结合沙盘、多媒体互动、场景复原等现代 化展陈手段，生动呈现古城布局、先民生活、手工业发展等历史画面。 "我们不仅是在展示文物，更是在讲述中华文明早期国家的形成故事。"平粮台古城遗址博物馆新馆筹备 组负责人介绍，平粮台古城遗址拥有明确的城市中轴线、高台建筑及排水系统，是中国古代城市规划的 重要实证。新馆试运营阶段旨在优化参观流线、测试服务设施，为后续全面开放积累经验。 目前，平粮台古城遗址博物馆新馆已接受团体预约参观，并计划在试运营期间组织专家讲座、 ...

Core Insights - The research reveals the origins and social structure of the Shijia culture, indicating a complex early state formation in China, based on a large-scale ancient genomic study published in *Nature* [1][2]. Group 1: Key Discoveries - The study achieved precise tracing of the Shijia culture's population roots, confirming that the main population originated from local Yangshao late-period residents in northern Shaanxi, demonstrating clear genetic continuity [2]. - Genetic components from northern grassland populations and southern coastal agricultural groups were detected, illustrating a dynamic picture of cultural integration and the multi-faceted nature of early Chinese civilization [2]. Group 2: Interaction Patterns - The research clarifies the interaction modes among populations, showing that the Shijia culture had significant genetic exchanges with groups from the Central Plains, northern grasslands, and southern coastal areas, while lacking connections with populations from Eurasian western grasslands and Central Asia [3]. - The findings suggest that the Shijia site served as a regional political and military center, as well as a cultural and trade hub during prehistoric times [3]. Group 3: Social Structure Insights - The study reconstructs the kinship ties and social organization of the early state, revealing a patrilineal hierarchical society with significant social stratification [4]. - The analysis of burial practices indicates a complex social structure, with variations in sacrificial practices reflecting class distinctions within the Shijia culture [4]. - This research marks a shift from material studies to a more precise understanding of human and social dynamics in the context of early Chinese civilization [4].

Core Insights - The research confirms that the main population of the Shijia culture originated from the late Yangshao period in northern Shaanxi, establishing continuity in cultural and population development [1] - The study reveals close genetic connections between the Shijia culture population and surrounding groups, showcasing extensive interactions among prehistoric agricultural and pastoral communities [1][8] - The research reconstructs a family lineage spanning four generations within the Shijia ancient city, providing unprecedented insights into the social hierarchy based on patrilineal kinship, which is crucial for understanding the formation of early states in China [1][7] Research Methodology - The research team conducted a large-scale, high-resolution genomic study on 169 ancient human samples from various archaeological sites, including Shijia and its surrounding areas [1][5] - The study utilized ancient DNA to reconstruct the complex social organization and hierarchical structure of the largest known prehistoric city in China, which exhibits early state characteristics [5][7] Significance of Findings - The research provides solid genetic evidence for the continuous evolution of Chinese civilization from local Yangshao residents [7][8] - It highlights the genetic relationships between the Shijia culture and neighboring cultures, indicating a rich tapestry of cultural interactions during prehistoric times [8] - The findings offer a new framework for understanding the power inheritance models and social structures of early East Asian states, significantly enhancing the understanding of the origins and early development of civilization in northern China [7][8]

Core Insights - The Lingjiatan site in Anhui Province is a key area for exploring the civilization process in the lower Yangtze River region, dating back approximately 5,800 to 5,200 years [1] - The site has been recognized as an important representative of the "Ancient State Era" in the exploration of Chinese civilization origins, alongside other significant archaeological sites [7] Archaeological Findings - Since its discovery in the 1980s, the Lingjiatan site has undergone 16 scientific excavations, revealing an area of 1.6 million square meters and uncovering high-grade "red burnt earth" building foundations, ceremonial altars, and rich prehistoric burial sites [5] - Over 3,000 precious artifacts, including exquisite jade ritual vessels, stone tools, and pottery, have been unearthed, showcasing the advanced social structure and division of labor in the area [5] - Notable discoveries include an 88-kilogram jade pig, the largest prehistoric stone axe, and jade items reflecting religious rituals, indicating a developed prehistoric civilization [5] Cultural Experience - Recent events at the Lingjiatan site include outdoor archaeological experiences, ancient jade-making demonstrations, and the launch of a 4D film titled "A Day in the Life of Lingjiatan Ancestors," enhancing visitor engagement with ancient civilization [3]

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the study of Hongshan culture, emphasizing his role in archaeological discoveries and his academic lineage from Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology [1][2][3]. Group 1: Contributions to Hongshan Culture - Guo Dashun is recognized as the leading figure in Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed important artifacts, establishing Hongshan as one of the three major sources of Chinese civilization over 5,000 years ago [1]. - He proposed a new understanding that there should be a structure of higher significance than the "Goddess Temple" within the Hongshan culture [1]. - Recent discoveries in Hebei, including a large number of Hongshan cultural relics, suggest that the culture may have migrated southward during its peak [2]. Group 2: Academic Influence and Legacy - Guo Dashun, a disciple of Su Bingqi, continues to advocate for the idea that Hongshan culture is a direct root of Chinese civilization, emphasizing the importance of Su's academic thoughts in contemporary archaeology [1][2]. - The article highlights the significance of Su Bingqi's theories, particularly the continuity of Chinese civilization and the importance of ritual systems, which Guo Dashun elaborates on in his discussions [5][6]. - Guo Dashun's reflections on Su Bingqi's legacy indicate that his academic contributions remain relevant in current archaeological discourse, particularly in understanding the origins of Chinese civilization [17][18]. Group 3: Archaeological Methodology and Perspectives - The article discusses the need for a combination of archaeological findings and historical texts to reconstruct ancient history, emphasizing that archaeological evidence should validate historical narratives [29][30]. - Guo Dashun advocates for a collaborative approach between archaeologists and historians to enhance the understanding of ancient cultures, suggesting that archaeological methods should be applied to historical research [36]. - The discussion includes the importance of diverse perspectives in archaeology, encouraging a "hundred schools of thought" approach to foster deeper insights into ancient civilizations [28].

Core Insights - The article commemorates the 70th anniversary of the discovery of the Zhengzhou Shang City site, highlighting its significance in the development of archaeology in Henan and China, as well as its role in understanding early Chinese civilization [6][10][17]. Archaeological Significance - Zhengzhou Shang City is recognized as one of the earliest urban sites in China, dating back approximately 3,600 years, and is crucial for studying the early Shang culture and Chinese bronze civilization [12][13]. - The site covers about 25 square kilometers and features a complex urban structure with multiple elements such as city walls, palatial areas, residential zones, burial sites, and workshops, showcasing the advanced urban planning of early Chinese civilization [12][13]. Historical Context - The site was discovered in 1955, with significant archaeological training and discoveries occurring in the early 1950s, marking the beginning of modern archaeological practices in China [7][8][9]. - Zhengzhou Shang City has been recognized multiple times for its archaeological importance, including being listed as a key cultural heritage site and one of the top archaeological discoveries of the 20th century [6][8]. Recent Discoveries - Recent archaeological work has uncovered various structures and artifacts, including large rammed earth buildings, water management systems, and workshops for bone and bronze production, enhancing the understanding of the site's historical context [14][15][16]. - Notable findings include a high-status burial site with over 200 grave goods, which is the richest discovered at Zhengzhou Shang City to date, indicating the site's significance in the social hierarchy of the time [16]. Cultural Impact - The ongoing research and discoveries at Zhengzhou Shang City have contributed to a deeper understanding of early Chinese civilization, including its political, economic, cultural, and technological advancements [13][20]. - The site serves as a cultural symbol for Zhengzhou and Henan, reflecting the region's historical significance and its contributions to Chinese heritage [17][20]. Commemorative Activities - A series of events have been organized to celebrate the 70th anniversary, including academic conferences and public exhibitions aimed at promoting awareness and appreciation of the site's archaeological achievements [18][19]. - The events are designed to engage both academic circles and the general public, fostering a greater understanding of the importance of Zhengzhou Shang City in the context of Chinese history and archaeology [20].

Core Insights - The Shandong University Museum, with its two locations in Jinan and Qingdao, serves as a cultural bridge, showcasing both historical artifacts and modern technological interpretations of cultural heritage [1][4] - The museum emphasizes the importance of archaeological education and community engagement, with a focus on hands-on experiences for students and the public [6][8] Group 1: Museum Overview - The Shandong University Museum is a national first-class museum that reflects the dedication of its faculty and students in archaeological research and preservation [2] - The museum houses over ten thousand artifacts, most of which were excavated and restored by the university's archaeology students and faculty [3][6] - The Qingdao campus features a new building of over 40,000 square meters, hosting various thematic exhibitions that attract a growing number of visitors [4][6] Group 2: Archaeological Significance - The museum's collection includes significant artifacts such as a bronze weighing scale from the Wang Mang reform period, which is the only officially excavated example from that era [3] - The discovery of the Dinggong pottery with early written characters is highlighted as a major archaeological find, providing insights into the origins of Chinese civilization and writing [5][6] - The focus on fieldwork at the Jiaojia site allows students to engage directly with archaeological practices, enhancing their educational experience [7][8] Group 3: Community Engagement and Education - The museum has hosted over 215,000 visitors in the past year, with various educational programs and workshops aimed at different community groups [6] - Activities such as "expert-led museum tours" and "cultural appreciation workshops" are designed to make archaeological findings accessible to the public [6][8] - The integration of fieldwork, laboratory research, and museum exhibitions creates a comprehensive educational framework for archaeology students [8]