Core Points - The article highlights the advancements in China's surveying technology over the past 50 years, particularly in measuring the height of Mount Everest, showcasing a significant evolution from traditional methods to modern techniques [1][3][12] - It emphasizes the importance of technological innovation in achieving more accurate measurements, with the precision improving from ±0.35 meters in 1975 to ±0.05 meters in 2020 [8][10][12] Group 1: Historical Milestones - In 1975, China conducted its first independent measurement of Mount Everest, achieving a height of 8848.13 meters, which was recognized internationally [3][4][22] - The 2005 measurement utilized modern techniques such as GPS and snow depth radar, marking a significant historical breakthrough by providing the first accurate measurement of the Everest rock surface [5][23] - The 2020 measurement incorporated advanced technologies, including aerial gravity measurement and the Beidou satellite system, significantly enhancing the accuracy of the height measurement [6][24] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The transition from traditional optical measurement methods to satellite-based positioning systems in the 1990s marked a pivotal shift in surveying technology [4][23] - The 2020 measurement collected over 1.44 billion data points, far exceeding the data collected in previous measurements, showcasing advancements in data processing and technology [6][24] - The integration of artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing into surveying practices is expected to revolutionize the field, leading to smarter and more efficient measurement techniques [16][19] Group 3: Future Directions - The article discusses the ongoing transformation towards intelligent surveying technologies, with a goal to complete the transition from digital to intelligent surveying by 2035 [19] - Emphasis is placed on the need for continuous innovation to address key technological challenges and enhance the capabilities of surveying equipment [18][19] - The future of surveying in China is projected to focus on building a comprehensive spatial-temporal system that integrates various technologies for improved data acquisition and processing [19][20]