本文转自【央视新闻微信公众号】； 近日，北京的一位患儿在甲流退烧后的第3天，因为骑车运动一小时，产生呼吸不畅等症状，送医后被 诊断为心肌损伤。什么是心肌损伤？为什么退烧后运动会导致这类疾病？ 为什么流感退烧数日后 仍会引发心肌炎？ 医生介绍，心肌损伤是心肌炎的后果之一，心肌细胞受损后，化验单会显示心肌酶学升高，可能出现心 率过快或过慢，严重时超声可见心功能下降，这些都是心肌损伤的表现，心肌炎患者会出现不同形式的 心肌损伤。 为什么流感退烧好几天了，还会引发心肌炎？医生表示—— 呼吸道、消化道病毒感染后，由于儿童的各个器官和系统的免疫功能尚未成熟，病毒感染引发的病毒血 症会侵犯心肌，从而出现心肌炎。 病毒感染引发的全身损伤，一般来说有一周的自然病程，退烧后病毒损伤并没有完全停止，仍可能出现 心肌炎。 心肌炎可轻可重 警惕暴发性心肌炎 记者在采访中了解到，心肌炎的病程通常分为"炎症风暴"和"自身免疫"两个阶段。 第一阶段，病毒感染后发热，这是体内"炎症风暴"阶段，会出现呼吸道或肠道症状，"炎症风暴"会损伤 心肌； 退热后的第二阶段为"免疫阶段"，这个阶段的损伤可能更重，身体产生的抗体不仅攻击病毒，还会误将 感染的 ...

Core Points - A recent case in Henan involved a 2-year-old girl who initially showed symptoms similar to a common cold, but tragically passed away from fulminant myocarditis after her condition rapidly deteriorated [1] - Four days later, her 4-year-old brother exhibited similar symptoms and is currently in ICU after falling into a coma [1] Group 1: Understanding Fulminant Myocarditis - Fulminant myocarditis is a severe form of myocarditis characterized by rapid onset and progression, potentially leading to cardiogenic shock or sudden death [2] - Early symptoms can be misleading, resembling a common cold, but can quickly escalate to heart failure or severe arrhythmias, affecting multiple organ functions [2] Group 2: Causes of Fulminant Myocarditis - Viral infections are the primary infectious cause, with coxsackievirus, echovirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus identified as major pathogens [3] - Bacterial and parasitic infections, while less common, can also lead to the condition [5] - Non-infectious factors include autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, toxin exposure, genetic predispositions, and unhealthy lifestyle habits [6][7][9] Group 3: Symptoms in Children - Common symptoms in children include difficulty breathing, palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, cough, fever, nausea, and dizziness [11] - Parents should be vigilant for multiple or persistent symptoms and seek medical attention promptly [13] Group 4: Prevention and Care for Children - Strengthening the child's immune system through regular routines and outdoor activities is essential [13] - Avoiding public places during flu season and maintaining distance from sick individuals can reduce infection risk [14] - Vaccination against influenza is recommended when possible [15] Group 5: Management of Myocarditis in Children - Close monitoring of symptoms and regular medical check-ups are crucial for diagnosed children [16] - Adequate rest and activity control are necessary during acute phases [17] - Medication may include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, or diuretic drugs, with strict adherence to medical guidance [19] - A balanced diet is important for recovery, with attention to salt and sugar intake [21] - Psychological support for both the child and family is vital during treatment [21]