Core Points - A recent case in Henan involved a 2-year-old girl who initially showed symptoms similar to a common cold, but tragically passed away from fulminant myocarditis after her condition rapidly deteriorated [1] - Four days later, her 4-year-old brother exhibited similar symptoms and is currently in ICU after falling into a coma [1] Group 1: Understanding Fulminant Myocarditis - Fulminant myocarditis is a severe form of myocarditis characterized by rapid onset and progression, potentially leading to cardiogenic shock or sudden death [2] - Early symptoms can be misleading, resembling a common cold, but can quickly escalate to heart failure or severe arrhythmias, affecting multiple organ functions [2] Group 2: Causes of Fulminant Myocarditis - Viral infections are the primary infectious cause, with coxsackievirus, echovirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus identified as major pathogens [3] - Bacterial and parasitic infections, while less common, can also lead to the condition [5] - Non-infectious factors include autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, toxin exposure, genetic predispositions, and unhealthy lifestyle habits [6][7][9] Group 3: Symptoms in Children - Common symptoms in children include difficulty breathing, palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, cough, fever, nausea, and dizziness [11] - Parents should be vigilant for multiple or persistent symptoms and seek medical attention promptly [13] Group 4: Prevention and Care for Children - Strengthening the child's immune system through regular routines and outdoor activities is essential [13] - Avoiding public places during flu season and maintaining distance from sick individuals can reduce infection risk [14] - Vaccination against influenza is recommended when possible [15] Group 5: Management of Myocarditis in Children - Close monitoring of symptoms and regular medical check-ups are crucial for diagnosed children [16] - Adequate rest and activity control are necessary during acute phases [17] - Medication may include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, or diuretic drugs, with strict adherence to medical guidance [19] - A balanced diet is important for recovery, with attention to salt and sugar intake [21] - Psychological support for both the child and family is vital during treatment [21]