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最惠国待遇(MFN原则)
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美国不平等协议产生三大风险
36氪· 2025-08-08 13:34
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of recent tariff agreements between the United States and various countries, highlighting a shift from a rules-based international trade system to one dominated by power dynamics, particularly emphasizing the unequal nature of these agreements [4][5][9]. Summary by Sections Tariff Agreements - The United States has reached tariff agreements with several countries, including the EU, which will eliminate tariffs on U.S. industrial products, such as a 10% tariff on automobiles [7][8]. - Other countries like Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam have also agreed to reduce or eliminate tariffs on U.S. products, with Indonesia canceling tariffs on 99% of U.S. goods [7][8]. Impact on Global Trade - The agreements signify a departure from the World Trade Organization's (WTO) principle of Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) treatment, which could harm emerging and developing countries' access to markets [9]. - The fragmentation of global trade is highlighted, as countries like India and Brazil resist entering into unequal agreements with the U.S., while China responds with export controls [9][10]. Risks to International Order - The article warns of the risks associated with the collapse of a transparent WTO system, which could lead to increased inequality in international trade and hinder the growth of emerging economies [9]. - The potential for a divided global economy is discussed, with the emergence of distinct blocs centered around the U.S. and China, reminiscent of historical economic divisions that led to conflict [11][12].