Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant findings from China's Chang'e-6 mission, which successfully returned basalt samples from the Moon's far side, revealing new insights into its geological history and evolution [2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The Chang'e-6 mission returned basalt samples that are approximately 2.8 billion years old, indicating volcanic activity on the Moon's far side over a span of more than 1.4 billion years [8]. - The research published in Nature includes four key studies that explore lunar volcanism, magnetic field dynamics, water content in the lunar mantle, and the source of the basalt samples [4][10][13][15]. - The studies reveal that the Moon's far side has a significantly lower water content in its mantle compared to the near side, indicating a dichotomy in water distribution [13]. Group 2: Specific Studies - The first study identifies volcanic activity on the Moon's far side around 2.8 billion years ago, consistent with crater-counting age models established for the near side [8]. - The second study uncovers evidence of a rebound in the Moon's magnetic field strength approximately 2.8 billion years ago, suggesting fluctuations rather than a steady decline [10]. - The third study estimates that the far side's mantle is potentially drier than the near side, contributing to the understanding of the Moon's internal water distribution [13]. - The fourth study indicates that the basalt samples originate from an ultra-depleted mantle source, possibly due to large impact events affecting the Moon's deep layers [15][16].