Core Insights - The demand for high-temperature and high-torque capabilities in robotic motors is urgent, driven by the need for high torque density, low torque ripple, strong overload capacity, and excellent heat dissipation properties [1] Group 1: Motor Performance Requirements - Key performance indicators for motors include high torque density, low torque ripple, strong overload capacity, and effective heat dissipation [1] - Robots require significant torque to perform tasks such as handling, grasping, and walking, with peak joint torque for models like the Zhiyuan Expedition A2Max reaching 450 Nm [1] Group 2: Design and Application Challenges - Due to the compact size of robots, joint motors must deliver high torque output per unit density [1] - In precision applications like industrial robotic arms and surgical robots, there is a high demand for low cogging torque in joint motors [1] - Motors in frequently interacting joints, such as leg joints, often experience short-term high overload conditions, with peak torque demands reaching 5-10 times the rated torque [1] Group 3: Thermal Management - During overload conditions, windings can generate significant heat due to high loss density, necessitating motors with good high-temperature resistance and heat dissipation capabilities [1] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The design of harmonic magnetic field circuits can reduce motor size by half while maintaining power density, potentially expanding applications in industrial and humanoid robots [1]