Core Viewpoint - The conflict between Thailand and Cambodia has escalated into significant military confrontations, driven by deep historical grievances and recent political dynamics, leading to a situation where both nations are engaged in a cycle of violence and retaliation [1][3][29]. Group 1: Historical Context - The historical animosity between Thailand and Cambodia dates back to ancient times when the Khmer Empire dominated the region, with Thailand originally being a subordinate entity [5][6]. - Over the centuries, the power dynamics shifted, with Thailand eventually becoming a dominant force, leading to territorial disputes exacerbated by colonial interventions [7][8]. - The ongoing disputes over historical sites, particularly temples located on the border, have fueled tensions, resulting in military confrontations in the past [9][10]. Group 2: Recent Political Developments - The recent escalation of conflict can be traced back to political maneuvering within Thailand, particularly involving figures like Thaksin Shinawatra and Hun Sen, which has led to a deterioration of diplomatic relations [12][13]. - The "phone call incident" between Hun Sen and the Thai Prime Minister, which was leaked, significantly damaged the latter's political standing and intensified anti-Cambodian sentiments within Thailand [14][16]. - The military's influence in Thailand has grown, with factions using the conflict to undermine political opponents, leading to a more aggressive stance against Cambodia [29][30]. Group 3: Military Engagements - The conflict has seen both nations engaging in military actions, with Cambodia using artillery and Thailand deploying advanced fighter jets, marking a significant escalation compared to previous skirmishes [21][22][23]. - Casualties have been reported on both sides, with civilian areas in Thailand suffering from artillery strikes, leading to loss of life and displacement of residents [25][26]. - The conflict has drawn international attention, with calls for de-escalation and diplomatic resolution from regional powers, highlighting the potential for broader implications if the situation continues to deteriorate [26][34]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The ongoing conflict is characterized by a lack of large-scale military mobilization, suggesting that while skirmishes may continue, a full-scale war is unlikely due to the unsustainable nature of such a conflict for both nations [33]. - The internal political motivations driving the conflict indicate that both governments may seek to maintain a state of low-intensity conflict to appease nationalist sentiments without escalating to total war [32][33]. - There is potential for external mediation, particularly from China, which could play a role in facilitating dialogue and reducing hostilities between the two nations [35][36].