Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding and preventing influenza, especially during the peak season for respiratory infectious diseases in China, highlighting the need for early medical intervention and targeted treatment [2][3]. Group 1: Influenza Characteristics - Influenza is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, characterized by its seasonal and epidemic nature, high incidence, and significant health impacts [3]. - The influenza virus is categorized into three types: A, B, and C, with type A being the most variable and capable of causing pandemics due to its rapid mutation [3]. - The mutation ability of the influenza virus is attributed to factors such as unstable RNA genetic material, surface glycoprotein variability, gene reassortment, and low population immunity [3]. Group 2: Transmission Methods - Influenza can spread through respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces, and aerosol transmission [4][5]. - Droplet transmission occurs when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing virus-laden droplets that can be inhaled by others within a short distance [5]. - Contact transmission involves the virus surviving on surfaces for hours, leading to infection when individuals touch contaminated surfaces and then their mucous membranes [5]. - Aerosol transmission can occur in poorly ventilated environments, allowing the virus to remain suspended in the air for extended periods [5]. Group 3: Prevention Measures - Personal hygiene practices, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and environmental cleanliness are crucial for preventing influenza [6]. - Recommendations include thorough handwashing, wearing masks in crowded places, and maintaining social distance from infected individuals [6]. - Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces, along with proper ventilation, are essential preventive measures [6]. Group 4: Home Care for Influenza Patients - Isolation of influenza patients is critical to prevent transmission, especially to vulnerable populations [8]. - Family members should wear masks when in contact with patients, and patients should stay in separate rooms and maintain hygiene [8]. - Adequate hydration and a nutritious diet are recommended for patients, along with timely antiviral medication [8]. Group 5: Symptoms and Medical Attention - Most influenza cases are mild, but severe symptoms in vulnerable populations, such as high fever lasting over three days or respiratory distress, require immediate medical attention [10]. - During medical visits, both patients and caregivers should wear masks to prevent cross-infection [10].