每经编辑｜金冥羽 近日，国家疾控局预测：当前我国总体流感活动属于上升阶段，甲型H3N2亚型占比超过95%，有少量甲型H1N1和乙型流感病毒同期流行。 据科普中国，从中国疾病预防控制中心的流感监测数据看到，从南到北，从东到西，全国都一样，谁都逃不过，今年的流感季数据，已经打败其他年份同 期，成为近4年之首。 中国疾病预防控制中心 图片来源： 上图4种颜色的曲线，分别代表4个年份组别。图片最左端是每年的第14周，一般监测季开始于这个时候（三月中旬左右）。绿色线表示2022—2023年数据 （2022年3月—2023年2月，以下类推），今年的数据用红色表示。 从图上可以看到，不论是代表南方省份的图1还是代表北方省份的图2，在整个监测季节的第48周（也就是大概每年11月最后一周），红色数据已经超越黄 绿紫。 今年流感的核心变化是流行毒株变了！上一季主导的甲型H1N1退居次位，甲型H3N2成为本季主流毒株。由于H3N2近两年没有大规模流行，人群普遍缺 乏针对性免疫屏障，感染风险明显上升。 | | 2025-2026 流感季(2025年11月情况) | 上一流感李(2024-2025年) | | --- | --- | ...

Core Viewpoint - The matching of influenza vaccines, particularly for the H3N2 subtype, has improved significantly compared to previous years, with over 95% similarity to circulating strains, addressing public concerns about vaccine effectiveness against evolving viruses [1][2]. Group 1: Vaccine Effectiveness - The influenza vaccine is updated annually to match the circulating strains, ensuring better protection for the current flu season [1][2]. - Antibody levels from the flu vaccine typically decline after 6-8 months, necessitating annual vaccination to maintain effective immunity [2][3]. - The current flu season shows a predominance of the H3N2 subtype, accounting for over 95% of cases, with some H1N1 and B subtype activity noted [2][3]. Group 2: Public Health Recommendations - Individuals who have previously contracted influenza should still receive the vaccine, as different subtypes can circulate simultaneously, and immunity to one does not confer protection against others [3]. - The winter-spring period is identified as a peak time for influenza and other respiratory infections, prompting health authorities to encourage vaccination among high-risk groups [3].

Core Viewpoint - The matching rate of the influenza vaccine for the H3N2 subtype has improved compared to previous years, with over 95% similarity to circulating strains, addressing public concerns about vaccine effectiveness against evolving viruses [1][2]. Group 1: Vaccine Effectiveness - The influenza vaccine is updated annually based on the World Health Organization's recommendations, ensuring better protection against the current circulating strains [1]. - Antibodies generated from the influenza vaccine typically decline after 6-8 months, necessitating annual vaccination for optimal protection during flu season [2][3]. - Even individuals who have previously contracted influenza should receive the vaccine, as different subtypes can circulate simultaneously, and immunity to one subtype does not confer protection against others [3]. Group 2: Current Influenza Situation - The overall influenza activity in the country is at a moderate level, with the H3N2 subtype accounting for over 95% of cases, while H1N1 and B type viruses are also present in smaller proportions [2]. - The winter and spring seasons are identified as high-risk periods for influenza and other acute respiratory infections, prompting health authorities to enhance vaccination efforts among vulnerable populations [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the first reported case of a child death due to influenza in Hong Kong this year, highlighting the rapid deterioration of a previously healthy 13-year-old girl who succumbed to complications from influenza B, including encephalopathy and myocarditis [1][2]. Group 1: Case Details - The 13-year-old girl exhibited symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and runny nose starting from October 5, 2023, and was hospitalized after fainting on October 9 [2]. - Upon testing, she was confirmed positive for influenza B and was diagnosed with complications including encephalopathy, myocarditis, and shock [2]. - Despite medical intervention, her condition worsened, leading to her death on October 12, 2023 [2]. Group 2: Expert Analysis - Experts indicate that severe cases of influenza leading to death in adolescents are rare and this incident should not cause widespread panic [3]. - High-risk groups for severe influenza complications include the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems [3]. - The article notes that influenza can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis and myocarditis, with the latter being more common in adolescents and young adults [3]. Group 3: Current Influenza Situation - Hong Kong is currently experiencing a seasonal flu outbreak, with a significant increase in flu-like illness cases in schools since September 2023 [5]. - As of October 10, 2023, there have been 337 reported outbreaks in schools, including severe cases among children aged 3 to 17, most of whom were previously healthy [5]. - The article mentions that neighboring regions, including Japan, are also seeing increased flu activity, prompting health authorities to recommend annual updates to flu vaccines [6]. Group 4: Vaccination and Prevention - Health officials recommend that all individuals aged six months and older receive the seasonal flu vaccine, especially those at higher risk [7]. - Approximately 2,300 schools in Hong Kong are conducting flu vaccination outreach, with 1,300 schools scheduled to participate by the end of October [7]. - The article emphasizes the importance of rest and avoiding strenuous activities for those infected with influenza, as it can lead to severe outcomes [7].