成语"临渊羡鱼"，指的是空有愿望而没有实际行动。但我国科研人员勇于"入渊探鱼"，一点一点揭开海 底世界里"神奇动物"的奥秘。我们就从一种在水深大于6000米区域生活的鱼——深渊狮子鱼（见图，中 国科学院深海科学与工程研究所供图）说起吧。 一般来说，深渊是指水深超过6000米的区域，具有低温、超高压、黑暗无光等特点。深渊狮子鱼是人类 目前已知生存环境最深的鱼。它们体形像蝌蚪，通体较淡，有些甚至接近透明，肌肉和内脏清晰可见。 由于长期生活在黑暗的海底，深渊狮子鱼的视觉和嗅觉已经退化，两只黑色小眼睛对可见光也几乎无反 应，它们通过听觉和感觉孔来感知外部环境。 在海洋里，每下潜10米就会增加1个大气压，下潜到万米海底需要承受1000个大气压，相当于每平方米 承受1万吨的压力。为适应超高压的环境，深渊狮子鱼把坚硬的鱼骨变成了软骨，以此提升柔韧性，通 过未完全闭合的头骨实现脑腔与外界压力的平衡。但这种"以柔克刚"的抗压方式也有极限——深渊狮子 鱼能够承受的压力大致在80兆帕左右，相当于水下8000多米的静水压力。在万米海底，海参、深渊钩虾 等生物为适应环境也"各显神通"：海参把个体缩小，甚至把支撑躯干的骨针都退化了；深渊 ...

Core Insights - The "Global Abyss Exploration Program" has been officially approved by the United Nations "Decade of Ocean Science" Executive Committee, led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, marking a new chapter in global cooperation in deep-sea exploration [1][5] Group 1: International Collaboration - Chinese scientists will collaborate with researchers from over 10 countries, including New Zealand, Denmark, and Germany, to explore the Earth's deepest ocean "unmanned areas" [1][5] - The program aims to shift international deep-sea science from isolated research to systematic research, promoting the development of the international abyss discipline [5][6] Group 2: Scientific Objectives - The program will focus on extreme environmental life, geological processes, and the impact of human activities on abyssal environments, addressing questions about life origins and evolution [6][5] - Key research areas include the distribution and evolution of abyssal life, plate subduction and geological evolution, deep-sea material and energy exchange, abyssal carbon cycling, and global changes [6][5] Group 3: Achievements and Future Directions - Over the past decade, China has transitioned from "catching up" to "leading" in manned deep-sea exploration, with significant achievements such as the successful joint expedition to the Puysegur Trench involving 68 scientists from 8 countries [5][6] - The program is part of China's broader strategy to deepen international scientific cooperation and participate in global scientific governance, reflecting a commitment to open collaboration in various fields [6][5]