Core Viewpoint - The ocean is becoming a significant force for stable growth and a new engine for economic development in China, with a focus on marine economic development and ecological protection during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [2][3]. Economic Growth and Development - China's marine GDP surpassed 10 trillion yuan, reaching 10.5 trillion yuan, a 34% increase from the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," accounting for 7.8% of the national GDP [1]. - The first self-operated ultra-deepwater gas field, "Deep Sea No. 1," has been fully operational since June 25, marking a key step in large-scale deep-sea oil and gas development [3]. - Marine oil and gas resources are expected to contribute over 70% of the domestic crude oil increment in 2024, with marine crude oil and natural gas production projected to grow by 4.7% and 8.7%, respectively [3]. Emerging Marine Industries - New emerging marine industries, such as marine engineering equipment, seawater desalination, marine medicine, and offshore wind power, are becoming new economic growth points [4]. - The market share of marine engineering equipment is expected to exceed 50% globally in 2024, with seawater desalination projects exceeding 2.9 million tons per day [4]. Technological Innovation - Technological innovation is identified as the primary driving force for marine economic development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [6]. - The establishment of the national marine comprehensive test site in Hainan aims to support deep-sea scientific research and technological innovation [5]. - The marine technology innovation index is projected to reach 135.2 in 2024, reflecting a 2.6% increase from the previous year [7]. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development - High-level protection is essential for sustainable marine economic development, with significant efforts made in coastal restoration and marine ecological system improvement [9]. - China has signed blue economy cooperation agreements with over 50 countries, promoting practical cooperation projects that contribute to local poverty alleviation [9]. Future Outlook - The marine economy is expected to continue growing, with a focus on cultivating new productive forces and building a modern marine industry system [10]. - The total import and export volume of marine transportation is projected to grow by 1.9% in 2024, with trade with countries along the "Belt and Road" increasing by 6.3% [10].

成语"临渊羡鱼"，指的是空有愿望而没有实际行动。但我国科研人员勇于"入渊探鱼"，一点一点揭开海 底世界里"神奇动物"的奥秘。我们就从一种在水深大于6000米区域生活的鱼——深渊狮子鱼（见图，中 国科学院深海科学与工程研究所供图）说起吧。 一般来说，深渊是指水深超过6000米的区域，具有低温、超高压、黑暗无光等特点。深渊狮子鱼是人类 目前已知生存环境最深的鱼。它们体形像蝌蚪，通体较淡，有些甚至接近透明，肌肉和内脏清晰可见。 由于长期生活在黑暗的海底，深渊狮子鱼的视觉和嗅觉已经退化，两只黑色小眼睛对可见光也几乎无反 应，它们通过听觉和感觉孔来感知外部环境。 在海洋里，每下潜10米就会增加1个大气压，下潜到万米海底需要承受1000个大气压，相当于每平方米 承受1万吨的压力。为适应超高压的环境，深渊狮子鱼把坚硬的鱼骨变成了软骨，以此提升柔韧性，通 过未完全闭合的头骨实现脑腔与外界压力的平衡。但这种"以柔克刚"的抗压方式也有极限——深渊狮子 鱼能够承受的压力大致在80兆帕左右，相当于水下8000多米的静水压力。在万米海底，海参、深渊钩虾 等生物为适应环境也"各显神通"：海参把个体缩小，甚至把支撑躯干的骨针都退化了；深渊 ...