Core Insights - The article discusses a breakthrough in perovskite solar technology, highlighting the use of laser annealing to improve crystal growth while preventing environmental degradation [2][3][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Science demonstrates that laser annealing can create crystalline perovskite films under ambient conditions, avoiding degradation products typically produced during thermal annealing [2]. - The research identified a degradation-free window lasting approximately 123 ± 18 seconds, during which the effects of water and oxygen are effectively mitigated [3]. - The use of nanosecond laser for 25 seconds of annealing achieved a record 24% power conversion efficiency for a 100 cm² rigid perovskite solar module, surpassing previous scalability records [2][4]. Group 2: Technical Details - The laser annealing process utilizes a wavelength of 455 nm and a power density of 20 W/cm², which is two orders of magnitude higher than traditional thermal annealing methods [3]. - The study also revealed that this method prevents the accumulation of hexagonal perovskite phases, which can negatively impact performance [3][4]. - The achieved efficiencies include 24.0% for rigid components and 20.7% for flexible components, demonstrating a significant advancement in the field [4].