Core Insights - The establishment of the "International Primate Mesoscopic Brain Mapping Alliance" marks the official launch of systematic global collaboration in primate brain mapping research [2][3]. Group 1: Alliance Formation and Objectives - The alliance was formed during the 2025 International Symposium on Mesoscopic Brain Mapping held at the Pujiang Innovation Forum on September 20, where a signing ceremony for member institutions took place [2]. - The white paper released by the alliance outlines a ten-year plan for the core tasks of the brain mapping grand scientific initiative, aiming to create a global, open collaborative research network [5]. Group 2: Milestones and Research Goals - The white paper sets three major milestones in primate brain mapping research: 1. To create the first comprehensive, cell-type-specific mesoscopic connectome of the primate brain, revealing the neural network architecture underlying cognitive functions [6]. 2. To establish a single-cell resolution, multi-omics primate brain cell atlas by integrating data from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomics, characterizing cellular diversity across the lifespan [6]. 3. To map the fine three-dimensional structure of synapses, identifying synaptic features related to cognitive functions and revealing synaptic microstructures associated with aging and brain diseases [6]. Group 3: International Collaboration and Membership - The alliance has gathered 118 members from 25 countries and regions, including China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Japan, and South Korea, representing over 60 top global universities and research institutions [7]. - Notable member institutions include the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University, Tsinghua University, Harvard Medical School, and the Max Planck Society [7]. - The alliance also includes several international synchrotron radiation centers, such as Japan's SPring-8 and Thailand's SLRI [8].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is the establishment of the "International Primate Mesoscopic Brain Atlas Alliance" and the release of the "International Primate Mesoscopic Brain Atlas Alliance White Paper," marking the official launch of a global scientific initiative for the "Whole Brain Mesoscopic Neural Connectivity Atlas" project [1] - The formation of the alliance signifies the beginning of systematic international collaboration in primate brain atlas research [1]