◎记者 严曦梦 宋薇萍 9月22日，2025浦江创新论坛在上海落下帷幕。本届论坛以"共享创新共塑未来：构建开放合作的全球科 技共同体"为主题，立足上海，辐射全球，为国际科技创新合作搭建起重要对话平台，共同探讨全球科 技前沿趋势与合作机遇。 上万项技术需求发布 未来健康、未来信息、未来化学、未来能源、未来材料……瞄准新一轮科技革命与产业变革趋势，2025 浦江创新论坛汇聚45个国家、300余家机构、550余位中外嘉宾，共谋未来产业发展方向。 以脑科学为例，2025浦江创新论坛期间，科学界在上海发起"全脑介观神经联接图谱"大科学计划，国际 灵长类介观脑图谱联盟发起成立，《国际灵长类介观脑图谱联盟白皮书》发布。 推动"科技种子"落地生根、开花结果，离不开系统性的创新生态支撑。作为浦江创新论坛的重要组成部 分，2025 InnoMatch技术转移大会以"以展促需，以需促转，以转促产"为理念，面向全球发布技术需求 超10000项，企业投入总额超200亿元，覆盖人工智能、量子科技、生物医药等20多个前沿领域。大会同 步发布2000个人才需求岗位，集中展示1728项国内外待转化成果、847项中小企业创新产品，以及80多 项 ...

全球范围内对灵长类脑图谱研究的系统性合作正式启动。 一是绘制首个全面的具有细胞类型特异性的灵长类全脑介观联接图谱，揭示支撑认知功能的神经网络架构原理； 二是通过整合单细胞和空间转录组、蛋白质组、表观遗传组等数据，建立单细胞分辨率、多组学的灵长类脑细胞图谱，揭示全生命周期生理和病 理状态下细胞多样性的系统表征； 三是绘制突触的精细三维结构图谱，识别与认知等脑功能相关的突触特征标记，揭示与衰老及脑疾病相关的突触超微结构。 蒲慕明介绍，尽管经过了一个多世纪的研究，对灵长类大脑结构和功能的理解仍处于初级阶段。绘制灵长类大脑的介观结构对于理解人脑功能和 脑部疾病的机制至关重要。国际灵长类介观脑图谱联盟（ICPBM）的使命是建立一个用于灵长类脑研究的国际交流与合作网络。其主要目标是揭 示灵长类脑功能的细胞和神经环路基础以及脑部疾病的致病机制。这将通过识别非人灵长类动物和人类大脑中的所有细胞类型（神经元和胶质细 胞）以及表征它们在全脑范围内的时空分布和连接性来实现。 随着"国际灵长类介观脑图谱联盟"的成立，全球范围内对灵长类脑图谱研究的系统性合作正式启动。 在9月20日举行的浦江创新论坛之2025介观脑图谱国际研讨会上，" ...

脑科学是21世纪前沿科学领域之一，而介观脑图谱研究是开启大脑奥秘的一把关键钥匙。它致力于绘制 精细的"大脑地图"，通过精准定位神经细胞、解析神经网络连接，为深入理解脑功能机制、攻克重大脑 疾病以及推动类脑智能技术突破，提供不可或缺的支撑。 根据《国际灵长类介观脑图谱联盟白皮书》，脑图谱大科学计划未来十年将在人类和非人灵长类脑图谱 研究领域实现三大突破：一是绘制首个全面的具有细胞类型特异性的灵长类全脑介观联接图谱，揭示支 撑认知功能的神经网络架构原理；二是通过整合单细胞和空间转录组、蛋白质组、表观遗传组等数据， 建立单细胞分辨率、多组学的灵长类脑细胞图谱，揭示全生命周期生理和病理状态下细胞多样性的系统 表征；三是绘制突触的精细三维结构图谱，识别与认知等脑功能相关的突触特征标记，揭示与衰老及脑 疾病相关的突触超微结构。 "全脑介观神经联接图谱"大科学计划是中国凝聚全球脑科学核心科技力量、引领新一轮科技革命的关键 举措之一。自2020年科技部在上海召开"全脑介观神经联接图谱"大科学计划启动前期工作座谈会并宣告 成立中国工作组以来，该计划已凝聚一批全球顶尖科研团队，实现多项技术突破，并持续扩大国际合作 网络。上海作为 ...

Core Insights - Chinese scientists have made significant progress in brain mapping research, with 10 studies published in international journals, including "Cell" and "Neuron," showcasing advancements in understanding brain structure and function [1][2][3] Group 1: Research Achievements - The "Whole Brain Mesoscopic Neural Connectivity Atlas" project aims to create detailed brain maps of non-human primates and humans, addressing the complexity of mammalian brains, which contain nearly 100 billion neurons and over 100 trillion connections [2][3] - A team of over 300 researchers from more than 30 institutions has successfully completed studies that analyze brain cell diversity, connectivity patterns, and molecular mechanisms of brain diseases, enhancing China's international influence in this field [2][3][6] - The research includes the first high-resolution evolutionary atlas of 1.3 million brain cells from various species, revealing key gene evolution related to differences in brain cell types across species [3][12] Group 2: Technological Innovations - The development of specific genetic tools for primate brain research allows for precise delivery of functional proteins to targeted cells, potentially enabling targeted therapies for brain diseases [4][5][25] - A new collection of tools for specific labeling and observation of primate brain cells has been established, marking a significant advancement in understanding brain structure and diseases [4][25][30] Group 3: Collaborative Efforts - The establishment of the "International Primate Mesoscopic Brain Atlas Alliance" aims to enhance global collaboration in brain mapping research, with a focus on creating a shared database for brain atlas data [9][32] - The research integrates contributions from various international institutions, highlighting the collaborative nature of modern neuroscience research [9][32] Group 4: Future Directions - The goal is to complete the mesoscopic neural connectivity atlas for mice by 2025 and for macaques by 2035, indicating a long-term commitment to advancing brain mapping technologies [8][9] - Continued development of imaging and labeling technologies is essential for achieving high-quality brain maps, which are crucial for understanding complex brain functions [14][15]

Core Viewpoint - Recent collaborative achievements by Chinese scientists have created a "high-definition map" of the brain, marking significant progress in the "whole brain mesoscopic neural connectivity map" scientific initiative, which aims to understand brain structure and function across various species, including primates and humans [1][5][6]. Group 1: Scientific Achievements - A series of ten research papers were published in prestigious journals, showcasing the collaborative efforts of over 300 researchers from more than 30 institutions, both domestic and international [1][6]. - The research covers key species including reptiles, birds, rodents, non-human primates, and humans, integrating multimodal data such as transcriptomics and connectomics [9]. - The results aim to establish a research framework that transitions from structural analysis to functional understanding of the brain, providing new perspectives and methodologies for brain research [9]. Group 2: Research Goals and Timeline - The initiative aims to complete the mesoscopic neural connectivity map for mice by 2025 and for macaques by 2035, focusing on non-human primates and human brain mapping [6][7]. - An international alliance for mesoscopic brain mapping research is being formed, with participation from over 20 countries and nearly 100 scientists, emphasizing the importance of global collaboration [7][8]. Group 3: Technical Challenges and Innovations - The research involves identifying various cell types and their connections, requiring high-resolution imaging at the micrometer level to understand the network structure of the brain [8][11]. - New technologies have been developed to enhance the tracking of specific cell types and their connections, marking a significant advancement in primate brain science [9][10]. - The complexity of tracking individual neurons necessitates extensive collaboration and time investment, highlighting the challenges faced in this field [10][11].