Core Points - The article discusses the impact of climate change on major sporting events, highlighting the increasing risks posed by extreme heat to athletes' performance and safety [1][5][6]. Group 1: Events and Incidents - The death of Italian orienteering athlete Mattia De Bertolis during the World Games in Chengdu due to high temperatures exemplifies the dangers athletes face [1]. - At the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships, nearly half of the female marathon participants withdrew due to extreme heat, with temperatures reaching 32°C and humidity at 73% [5]. - The Tokyo Olympics in 2021 was noted as one of the hottest in history, with temperatures exceeding 35°C, leading to a general decline in athletes' performance despite implemented heat mitigation measures [6]. Group 2: Training Adaptations - Athletes are incorporating heat acclimatization into their training regimens to better prepare for extreme conditions, as seen with American long-distance runner Paul Chelimo, who trained in high temperatures to simulate competition conditions [10]. - Endurance athletes, such as marathon and triathlon competitors, view heat training as essential for performance enhancement [10]. Group 3: Physiological Changes - Heat acclimatization training leads to significant physiological adaptations, including increased plasma volume, which enhances cardiovascular efficiency and thermoregulation [12][14]. - Athletes who undergo heat training can experience a 20% to 50% increase in sweating rate, improving their ability to dissipate heat during competition [14]. Group 4: Recommendations for Training - It is crucial for athletes to gradually adapt to high temperatures and monitor hydration levels to prevent dehydration and heat-related illnesses [18][20]. - Athletes should be aware of their hydration status by observing urine color and should consume electrolytes during prolonged exercise to maintain electrolyte balance [21][23].