Core Insights - The incidence of scarlet fever is on the rise, particularly in Guangdong Province, where reported cases increased from 2328 in January to 1542 in March, marking a growth of 641 cases in February [1] - The disease is primarily affecting children aged 3-15, with a noted decline in immunity due to previous strict pandemic control measures, leading to an expected rebound in cases in 2024-2025 [3] - Scarlet fever is classified as a Class B infectious disease in China, caused by Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus, and is transmitted through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces [2] Summary by Sections Incidence and Trends - In March 2025, Guangdong Province reported 1542 cases of scarlet fever, a significant increase from previous months, indicating a concerning upward trend in infections [1] - The World Health Organization reported outbreaks in multiple countries, with the UK alone recording 235 deaths in 2022, highlighting a global increase in scarlet fever cases [2] Clinical Characteristics - Scarlet fever presents with symptoms such as persistent fever, pharyngitis, and distinctive rashes, with "strawberry tongue" and "raspberry tongue" being key clinical features [4] - The disease typically peaks between April and June, with environmental factors playing a significant role in its transmission [3] Early Detection and Treatment - Early symptoms can be misdiagnosed as common colds, emphasizing the need for careful observation of throat changes and rash characteristics [6][7] - Treatment primarily involves antibiotics like penicillin and amoxicillin, with a low resistance rate, and requires adherence to a full course of treatment to prevent recurrence [8]