Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical and legal complexities surrounding the sovereignty of the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa), emphasizing that Japan's claims are based on historical inaccuracies and lack legal foundation, while highlighting China's interest in the issue as a challenge to Japan's territorial integrity and strategic interests [3][10][21]. Historical Context - The Ryukyu Islands were historically an independent kingdom with strong ties to China, recognized as a vassal state during the Ming Dynasty, and maintained a dual allegiance to both China and Japan until the late 19th century [6][8]. - Japan's annexation of the Ryukyu Islands began in the late 19th century, culminating in the formal incorporation of Okinawa in 1879, which was met with resistance from the Ryukyu people [8][10]. Legal Status - Post-World War II, the legal status of the Ryukyu Islands remains unresolved, as international agreements like the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation did not include the islands in Japan's territorial claims [10][11]. - The San Francisco Peace Treaty and the Okinawa Reversion Agreement are criticized for lacking legal validity, as they did not involve China and did not consider the wishes of the Ryukyu people [11][13]. Independence Movements - There is a growing sentiment for independence among Okinawans, with movements advocating for the establishment of a Ryukyu autonomous republic, citing historical grievances and the lack of recognition from the Japanese government [14][17]. - The presence of U.S. military bases in Okinawa, which occupy about 20% of the island, has fueled discontent and calls for independence, as local residents face environmental and social issues related to the bases [17][19]. Strategic Implications - The sovereignty issue is linked to Japan's broader territorial disputes and strategic concerns in East Asia, as any shift in the status of Okinawa could have repercussions for Japan's territorial claims and its alliance with the United States [21][23]. - The article argues that the future of Okinawa should be determined by its people, emphasizing the need for respect for their self-determination and historical context [20][23].