Core Viewpoint - The paper presents a mathematical framework that decomposes work skills into two levels, highlighting the complementary strengths of humans and AI, which leads to a higher overall success rate when combined rather than working independently [2][4]. Group 1: Human-AI Collaboration - The research shifts the discussion from whether AI will replace humans to how work value is fundamentally reshaped, emphasizing that technology replaces or supplements specific tasks rather than entire jobs [6]. - The authors propose a new framework that breaks down work into skill units, further dividing each skill into decision-making and execution components [8][12]. - The case study of a software engineer illustrates that while AI tools like GitHub Copilot automate execution tasks, the engineer's value increases as their role shifts to supervision and decision-making [11][14]. Group 2: Mathematical Framework - The mathematical model quantifies the new division of labor, allowing for the assessment of job success probability based on the combination of human and AI capabilities [16][18]. - The model reveals a phase transition phenomenon in job success probability, indicating that small improvements in decision-making skills can lead to significant increases in success rates [18][21]. - The framework provides a tool for evaluating the match between worker capabilities and job requirements, moving beyond traditional performance metrics [26]. Group 3: Practical Implications - The research suggests a need to reshape skill development paths, focusing on enhancing decision-making abilities rather than merely executing tasks, as execution skills are more susceptible to AI advancements [27][28]. - Organizations should recruit for complementary skills rather than seeking all-rounders, allowing for the identification of individuals with high decision-making capabilities who may need support in execution [30][31]. - The framework emphasizes the importance of designing systems that recognize and enhance human judgment, as the AI wave separates execution from decision-making [32][33].