Core Insights - The article discusses the transformation of public libraries in South Korea, highlighting their evolution from traditional study spaces to multifunctional cultural hubs that cater to community needs [1][2][3] Group 1: Historical Context - Since the 1960s, Seoul has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization, leading to a surge in population and a utilitarian view of public libraries as serious study environments [1] - The 1990s saw a slowdown in population growth, and with democratization and economic development, South Korea became a developed nation, diminishing the appeal of libraries as primary learning spaces [1] - By the 21st century, rising living standards allowed students to study at home or in private institutions, further reducing the libraries' attractiveness [1] Group 2: Recent Developments - Contrary to predictions of their decline, public libraries have gained popularity since 2010, driven by a growing demand for public spaces for cultural activities and gatherings [2] - Investment in public libraries has increased, with 40 new libraries opening in Seoul by around 2020, many in previously underserved areas [2] - Notable examples include the Paju Book City Library, which redefined itself as a multifunctional cultural space, and the opening of the Yeonhwa Pavilion Library in Jeonju, showcasing traditional Korean architecture [2] Group 3: Future Outlook - The impact of artificial intelligence on information production and consumption is expected to influence the future of libraries, particularly regarding the role of physical books [2] - Despite the digital age, many still regard physical books as the only "real" books, suggesting that public libraries may evolve into repositories of human-generated knowledge [2] - The aging population in South Korea is rediscovering libraries, with retirees using them as quiet spaces for preparing for second careers and enjoying cultural programs [3]