Group 1 - The core truth of today's investment world is that technological moats are failing, supply chains are critical to a company's survival, and the key metric determining value is "pulsation speed" [1][2] - Dell's stock price surged 269 times in the 1990s due to its innovative supply chain design, which included zero finished goods inventory and direct sales to customers [1][2] - Silicon Graphics, once a leader in 3D graphics technology, faced a dramatic decline due to supply chain failures, highlighting the importance of supply chain resilience [2] Group 2 - The "pulsation speed" framework from MIT analyzes how industries oscillate between vertical integration and horizontal modularity, with the transition speed determined by the industry's pulsation speed [5][7] - Different industries exhibit varying pulsation speeds, with personal computers having a product pulsation speed of less than 6 months, while pharmaceuticals can take over 10 years for new drug development [6][14] - The "whip effect" illustrates how small demand fluctuations can be amplified throughout the supply chain, leading to significant impacts on upstream suppliers [8] Group 3 - The three-dimensional capability chain map helps analyze a company's competitive position within its supply chain and technology ecosystem, focusing on organizational, technological, and capability chains [10][11][12] - Companies must adapt to market changes by managing their resources efficiently, as demonstrated by Dell's just-in-time production model that minimizes inventory cycles [13] - Investment strategies should be tailored based on industry types, such as "fruit fly" industries with rapid iteration cycles and "elephant" industries with stable cash flows [18][20]