"最毒乳腺癌"免疫治疗为何耐药？最新研究："元凶"是肿瘤中的感觉神经 中新网上海2月6日电 (记者 陈静)记者6日获悉，中国医学专家团队的最新研究首次揭示肿瘤中的感觉神 经是导致部分三阴性乳腺癌患者免疫治疗在短期内耐药的"元凶"。三阴性乳腺癌因恶性程度高、生存率 低、5年内极易复发转移的特点，被称为"最毒乳腺癌"。 虽然免疫治疗给临床治疗提供了新选择，但仍有不少患者疗效不佳，短期内出现耐药的情况。在该研究 中专家们基于动物模型实验，发现了一种用于治疗偏头痛的药物可用于增敏免疫治疗，为破解三阴性乳 腺癌患者免疫治疗耐药提供了来自中国的方案。北京时间6日凌晨，复旦大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺肿瘤中 心主任邵志敏教授、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院副院长江一舟教授领衔团队联合复旦大学脑科学转化研究院 倪金飞教授团队，在知名期刊《细胞》(Cell)上在线发表上述研究成果。 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索"中新经纬"或"jwview")，看更多精彩财经资讯。 研究团队讨论问题。(复旦大学附属肿瘤医院供图) "'老药 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 2026 年 1 月 29 日，著名癌症学家 Douglas Hanahan 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了关于" 癌症特征 "理论的最新综述 —— Hallmarks of cancer—Then and now, and beyond 。这距离他与 Robert Weinberg 首次提出癌症特征理论已过去了 26 年，当时他们提出的 癌症的六大特征 彻底改变了人们对癌症的理 解。 如今， 这一理论框架已经扩展为 九大特征 ，并加入了 四个理解维度 ，为癌症研究和治疗提供了更为全面的路线图。 癌症特征的演变：从六个到九个 2000 年， Douglas Hanahan 和 Robert Weinberg 在 Cell 期刊发表综述论文， 首次提出了 癌症的六大特征 —— 维持增殖信号 、 失活生长抑制因子 、 抵抗 程序性细胞死亡 、 建立复制永生性 、 诱导或获取血管生成 、 激活侵袭和转移 。 2011 年，他们增加了两大新特征： 解除细胞代谢调控 、 逃逸免疫摧毁 。2022 年， Douglas Hanahan 加入了第九个特征—— 解锁表型可塑性 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 22nd National Conference on Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (CSOHNS2025) showcased the significant contributions and academic influence of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital's Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery department, highlighting their clinical and research capabilities in the field [1][5][6]. Group 1: Conference Participation and Achievements - The conference gathered top experts and scholars in the field, with Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital's team actively participating through 11 presentations, 1 fourth-place finish in a national endoscopic competition, and over 10 research results shared in poster sessions [1][5]. - Professor Song Xicheng presented a report on "Neuroscience of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma," which attracted significant attention and discussion among attendees, emphasizing the hospital's academic influence in head and neck tumor research [2][5]. - The hospital's team members held various leadership roles during the conference, including chairing specialized sessions, which facilitated high-quality academic exchanges [2][3]. Group 2: Recognition and Academic Positions - Professor Song Xicheng was appointed as a member of the Chinese Medical Association's Otorhinolaryngology Physician Assessment Committee and elected as the Vice Chairman of the Committee for Postgraduate Medical Education in Otorhinolaryngology, further establishing the hospital's academic standing [2][3]. - The hospital's team demonstrated a strong presence across various sub-forums, with multiple presentations on cutting-edge research topics, showcasing their expertise and contributions to the field [4][5]. Group 3: Quality Control and Future Directions - The National Otorhinolaryngology Quality Control Center held a meeting to summarize annual quality control work, aiming to enhance the understanding of core medical quality safety systems and promote standardized practices in the field [3]. - The conference served as a platform for the hospital to strengthen its commitment to improving medical service quality and academic innovation, contributing to the development of the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery discipline in China [6].

Core Viewpoint - The study published in Nature highlights the role of cancer-induced nerve injury (CINI) in promoting resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy, emphasizing the importance of exploring cancer neuroscience for potential therapeutic targets [4][5][10]. Group 1: Cancer-Induced Nerve Injury (CINI) and Its Mechanism - CINI occurs when cancer cells damage the protective myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, leading to chronic inflammation and immune exhaustion, which ultimately results in resistance to immunotherapy [4][10]. - The study reveals that targeting CINI-related signaling pathways can reverse chronic inflammation and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy [4][12]. Group 2: Tumor-Associated Nerves (TAN) and Immune Response - Tumor-associated nerves (TAN) are recognized as poor prognostic factors in various cancers, including skin squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [7][11]. - The interaction between cancer cells, TAN, and tumor immune activity is crucial, as damaged TAN can recruit immune cells that promote tumor progression and contribute to anti-PD-1 therapy resistance [8][11]. Group 3: Clinical Implications and Future Directions - The findings suggest that CINI and its associated chronic inflammation mediate the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy, providing a basis for identifying biomarkers and developing therapeutic drugs to overcome resistance in cancer patients [12]. - Multi-faceted interventions targeting CINI pathways, such as denervation of tumors and blocking specific inflammatory signals, have shown potential in reversing anti-PD-1 resistance [11][12].

Core Viewpoint - The study reveals the complex interactions between neurons and glioblastoma cells, highlighting long-range cholinergic input as a significant factor in glioblastoma progression, providing new insights for cancer neuroscience research [4][8]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team created a comprehensive brain connectivity map of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, demonstrating the influence of long-range cholinergic neurons on GBM progression [4][9]. - Local inputs are primarily glutamatergic, while long-distance connections exhibit diverse neurotransmitter characteristics, with cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain being a conserved input across different regions [7][9]. - The study identifies that acetylcholine release through muscarinic receptor CHRM3 promotes GBM growth in a circuit-specific manner, and blocking both acetylcholine and glutamate pathways results in an additive anti-tumor effect [10] [9]. Group 2: Implications for Treatment - Anticholinergic drug scopolamine inhibits GBM growth, while acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil exacerbates the condition, indicating the potential for targeted therapies based on neurotransmitter signaling [4][7]. - The findings suggest that long-range neural regulatory pathways could serve as promising therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment [8].