冬春季，经常看到一些家长带娃来儿科门诊满脸愁容地跟医生说：我家孩子都咳嗽一个月了也不见好， 尤其是夜晚更为厉害，感觉都要把肺都咳出来了。医生说："最近来看病的宝宝很多都是有这种临床症 状，有可能是感染了百日咳，我们可以做个检查排除一下"。这个能让咳嗽持续数月的"顽固分子"到底 是什么？今天我就带大家来揭开"这个顽固分子"的神秘面纱。 1.百日咳：真要咳满一百天？ 百日咳是由一种叫做百日咳鲍特菌的革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病。人是百日咳鲍特菌的唯 一感染宿主，它是《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病，具有高度传染性和致病性。各 年龄段均易感染，但主要引起儿童呼吸道疾病，之所以叫"百日咳"，是因为病程可达2-3个月之久，但 并非真的要咳100天，但足以让家长备受煎熬。 2.百日咳如何"作乱"？ 百日咳鲍特菌进入呼吸道后，会附着在喉、气管、支气管的黏膜纤毛上，一边繁殖一边释放毒素，直接 破坏上皮细胞功能，导致呼吸道"失灵"，引发一系列症状。 小宝宝（尤其是6个月以下）感染后，容易出现严重并发症：肺炎最常见，还可能引发肺不张、气胸、 窒息，甚至脑病，严重时会留下后遗症或危及生命，必须重视！ 6.怀疑 ...

Core Insights - Japan reported a record high of 3,908 new cases of whooping cough for the week of July 14-20, marking the highest weekly increase since the current statistical method was adopted [1] - The total number of reported cases for the year has surpassed 52,490, indicating a significant rise in infections [1] Summary by Category Disease Overview - Whooping cough is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, primarily transmitted through droplets and contact [1] - The incubation period typically ranges from 7 to 10 days, with initial symptoms resembling a cold, followed by characteristic spasmodic coughing [1] Impact on Vulnerable Populations - Infants are at a higher risk of developing severe complications, including pneumonia or encephalopathy, which can lead to death [1] - Reports indicate cases of infant fatalities and severe patients this year, highlighting the disease's impact on young children [1] Prevention and Treatment - Vaccination is the primary preventive measure against whooping cough, while treatment involves the use of antibiotics [1] - The Japanese Pediatric Society has urged for prompt vaccination of infants aged 2 months to reduce the risk of severe illness [1]