Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of winter on skin health, emphasizing the importance of proper skincare routines to maintain skin barrier function and hydration during the colder months [1][5]. Skin Structure and Function - The skin has a "brick wall" structure, primarily composed of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, with the outermost layer (stratum corneum) acting as a protective barrier that retains moisture and defends against external pathogens [2]. Vulnerable Populations - Certain groups, such as the elderly and individuals with sensitive skin or pre-existing skin conditions, are more susceptible to skin dryness and barrier dysfunction during winter [3]. When to Seek Medical Attention - Symptoms such as severe itching affecting sleep, widespread rashes, or skin cracks with pain indicate a need for medical consultation, as these may signify significant skin barrier damage or inflammatory conditions [4]. Winter Skincare Essentials - The primary focus of winter skincare should be on "locking in moisture" rather than just hydrating the skin, which involves selecting appropriate moisturizing products, maintaining proper skin cleansing, and applying moisturizers promptly after bathing [5][11]. Effective Moisturizing Ingredients - Three categories of effective moisturizing ingredients include: - Occlusives: Reduce water loss (e.g., Vaseline, ceramides, natural oils) [6] - Humectants: Attract moisture (e.g., glycerin, hyaluronic acid) [6] - Soothing agents: Help reduce inflammation (e.g., panthenol, dipotassium glycyrrhizate) [6]. Cleansing Practices - Recommendations for winter cleansing include bathing every two to four days, using gentle cleansers with skin-friendly ingredients, and avoiding harsh soaps [9]. Common Skincare Mistakes - Misconceptions about skincare practices can lead to further skin barrier damage, such as: - Overusing face masks (recommended frequency is two to three times a week) [12][13]. - Frequent exfoliation with scrubs or loofahs (should be limited to once a week) [12][13]. - Assuming oily skin does not require additional moisturizing (lightweight moisturizers are still necessary) [12][14].