Core Insights - The article highlights six research papers published in the prestigious journal Cell, with four authored by Chinese scholars, focusing on various scientific advancements in neuroendocrine circuits, cell therapy, exercise, and developmental biology [2]. Group 1: Sleep-Dependent Growth Hormone Release - A study by Academician Dan Yang's team reveals the activity patterns of two types of neurons in the hypothalamus—GHRH and SST neurons—during different sleep stages, regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion [4][5]. - The research uncovers how GH enhances the excitability of locus coeruleus neurons to promote wakefulness, ensuring substantial GH release during sleep while preventing excess [5]. Group 2: iPSC-CAR-NK Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases - A collaborative study led by Professor Xu Huji from the Navy Medical University demonstrates the first successful clinical application of iPSC-derived CD19/BCMA CAR-NK cell therapy in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis [8][10]. - This research marks a significant breakthrough in using iPSC-derived CAR-NK cells for treating autoimmune diseases, establishing a new paradigm for low-toxicity, broad-spectrum targeted therapies [10]. Group 3: Exercise and Anti-Aging Mechanisms - A team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences identifies betaine as a key molecule that mimics exercise effects, revealing its role in delaying aging by targeting TBK1 to inhibit inflammation and mitigate multi-organ aging processes [13][15]. - This study provides molecular evidence supporting the notion that "exercise is the fountain of youth" and introduces a novel strategy for systemic anti-aging interventions through "exercise-mimicking drugs" [15]. Group 4: Decoding Developmental Dynamics - Researchers from BGI and Southern University of Science and Technology create a 3D single-cell spatiotemporal multi-omics atlas of Drosophila, unveiling key regulators of cell-type differentiation throughout development [17][19]. - This groundbreaking work offers unprecedented molecular insights into developmental biology, laying a foundation for understanding developmental defects and related disease mechanisms [19].