以下文章来源于内分泌早知道 ，作者关注内分泌的 内分泌早知道 . 当我们在忙碌生活中寻找健康密码时，一项来自英国生物样本库的突破性研究给出了令人振奋的答案：简单的快走运动竟能有效突破寿 命极限。这项涵盖数万人的长期追踪研究揭示，运动效益不仅取决于持续时间，更与运动强度存在决定性关联。 数据显示，保持每日10分钟快走习惯的男性群体平均寿命延长1.4年，女性群体同样获得0.9年的生命馈赠。这一发现彻底颠覆了传统认 知——原来不需要马拉松式的长时间锻炼，只要掌握正确的运动强度，短短十分钟的日常快走就能激活长寿基因。研究人员特别强调， 相较于散步的温和节奏，达到"微喘但能交谈"的快走强度才是触发健康效益的黄金标准，这种强度下的运动能有效改善心肺功能、调节 代谢水平并降低慢性病风险。值得注意的是，这种运动收益在不同年龄层和体质人群中均呈现显著一致性，证明快走是适合绝大多数人 的理想运动方案。 深度分享内分泌用药经验、病例剖析、指南专业解读并紧跟国内外内分泌领域前沿进展，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 ▍每日10分钟快走可延长寿命：大规模研究揭示运动强度与寿命的量化关系 更令人振奋的是，该研究通过预期寿命绝对差值直观呈现健康收 ...

Core Viewpoint - Regular physical activity is essential for health, significantly reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and extending lifespan through optimal exercise regimens [6][12]. Group 1: Exercise and Health Benefits - Exercise is recognized as one of the four pillars of health, alongside sunlight, air, and water, with historical roots tracing back to Hippocrates [6]. - Modern studies confirm that engaging in 60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise daily can significantly lower the risk of metabolic diseases, particularly when combined with strength training [7][9]. - A recent study indicates a linear relationship between daily exercise duration and the risk of type 2 diabetes, with a reduction in risk of 74% for those exercising over 68 minutes per day [9][10]. Group 2: Optimal Exercise Duration - The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly, but recent findings suggest that achieving 2-4 times this amount maximizes health benefits [12][13]. - A study covering 116,000 adults over 26 years found that adhering to the higher exercise volume can reduce all-cause mortality by up to 31% [12][13]. Group 3: Strength Training and Aging - Strength training is shown to delay biological aging by an average of 3.9 years, with a recommendation of 90 minutes per week to achieve this effect [15][16]. - Regular strength training can enhance metabolic rate, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease [15][17]. - The combination of strength training and aerobic exercise yields greater health benefits than either form alone, promoting both muscle retention and fat loss [17].

Core Insights - The article highlights six research papers published in the prestigious journal Cell, with four authored by Chinese scholars, focusing on various scientific advancements in neuroendocrine circuits, cell therapy, exercise, and developmental biology [2]. Group 1: Sleep-Dependent Growth Hormone Release - A study by Academician Dan Yang's team reveals the activity patterns of two types of neurons in the hypothalamus—GHRH and SST neurons—during different sleep stages, regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion [4][5]. - The research uncovers how GH enhances the excitability of locus coeruleus neurons to promote wakefulness, ensuring substantial GH release during sleep while preventing excess [5]. Group 2: iPSC-CAR-NK Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases - A collaborative study led by Professor Xu Huji from the Navy Medical University demonstrates the first successful clinical application of iPSC-derived CD19/BCMA CAR-NK cell therapy in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis [8][10]. - This research marks a significant breakthrough in using iPSC-derived CAR-NK cells for treating autoimmune diseases, establishing a new paradigm for low-toxicity, broad-spectrum targeted therapies [10]. Group 3: Exercise and Anti-Aging Mechanisms - A team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences identifies betaine as a key molecule that mimics exercise effects, revealing its role in delaying aging by targeting TBK1 to inhibit inflammation and mitigate multi-organ aging processes [13][15]. - This study provides molecular evidence supporting the notion that "exercise is the fountain of youth" and introduces a novel strategy for systemic anti-aging interventions through "exercise-mimicking drugs" [15]. Group 4: Decoding Developmental Dynamics - Researchers from BGI and Southern University of Science and Technology create a 3D single-cell spatiotemporal multi-omics atlas of Drosophila, unveiling key regulators of cell-type differentiation throughout development [17][19]. - This groundbreaking work offers unprecedented molecular insights into developmental biology, laying a foundation for understanding developmental defects and related disease mechanisms [19].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and introduces betaine as a potential exercise mimetic for geroprotection, providing a new strategy for anti-aging interventions [1][3][22]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team conducted a six-year study that systematically analyzed the molecular and cellular responses of the human body to acute and long-term exercise, identifying the kidneys as a key organ responding to exercise effects [2][11]. - Betaine was found to be a core molecular messenger for delaying aging, targeting and inhibiting the natural immune hub kinase TBK1, which helps to alleviate inflammation and slow down the aging process in multiple organs [2][15]. - The study established a multi-modal data coupling analysis framework, breaking down the complex biological responses to exercise into a quantifiable dynamic network [9][20]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Anti-Aging - The research revealed distinct effects of acute versus long-term exercise, with acute exercise triggering a "survival stress-type" metabolic storm, while long-term exercise promotes a health-oriented metabolic-immune homeostasis [11][12]. - Long-term exercise was shown to rejuvenate T lymphocytes by enhancing genomic and epigenetic stability, activating NRF2 pathways to suppress inflammatory factors, and promoting T cell survival and proliferation [12][14]. - The study demonstrated that long-term exercise significantly increases kidney betaine levels, with choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) identified as a key regulatory enzyme in this process [13][14]. Group 3: Implications of Betaine as an Exercise Mimetic - Betaine was shown to effectively simulate the benefits of long-term exercise, improving various aging-related cellular phenotypes in human diploid cells and extending healthy lifespan in aged mice [14][22]. - The study confirmed that betaine specifically binds to and inhibits TBK1 kinase activity, blocking downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, thus reducing immune cell infiltration and inflammatory factor release [15][20]. - The findings suggest that betaine could serve as a potential anti-aging alternative for elderly populations who cannot tolerate high-intensity exercise, marking a new paradigm in the development of exercise-mimicking drugs [20][22].