（来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 《晋书·孙盛列传》记载了七岁神童孙放的一段思想轶事。当被问及人生志向时，这位早慧的学童 直言愿效法庄周，而非成为孔子那样的圣人。这个回答看似童言无忌，实则深刻触及了魏晋时期思想界 的核心命题——人能否洞悉自身天赋的所在？又能否超越这种与生俱来的限定呢？孙放对此有着超出年 龄的清醒认知："仲尼生而知之，非希企所及。"生而知之的圣人境界不可企及，圣贤之间的鸿沟本质上 无法逾越。这种对天赋界限的理性认识，构成了魏晋时期独特的人才观与人生观。我们可以在郭象的 《庄子》注中追溯其源头。 其次，性分具有不知其所以然而然的必然性。郭象在《达生》注中指出："性分各自为者，皆在至 理中来，故不可免也。"性分源自于宇宙的终极真理，但是万物都处于"不知其所以然而然"的状态。这 一哲学洞察，将性分与"天""命""理"等概念联系起来，形成了一个完整的世界观体系。在这个体系中， 个体的性分既是独特的、个性的，又是普遍的，皆源于一种至高的必然性——理。 性分意味着某些固有的、自然的规定性，最后汇聚成个体的一种必然命运。郭象所说的"自然"，并 非指完全不受外界影响的原始状态，而是指合乎本性的发展过程。这为 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of family harmony and prosperity, suggesting that a family's success is determined by their internal values and practices rather than external circumstances. It advocates for closing metaphorical doors to desires, gossip, blame, and negativity to foster a peaceful and thriving family environment [4][15]. Group 1: Closing the Door on Desires - The article highlights the concept of "knowing contentment" as a means to achieve family happiness, arguing that unrestrained desires lead to dissatisfaction and conflict within families. It cites examples of individuals who, despite modest means, express gratitude for their circumstances, illustrating the value of appreciating what one has [6][7]. - It references the idea that a family should focus on their own happiness rather than comparing themselves to others, which often leads to resentment and disputes [6][7]. Group 2: Closing the Door on Gossip - The text discusses the dangers of speaking ill of others, stating that excessive talking can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. It provides examples of notable figures who adhered to the principle of avoiding gossip, which contributed to their family's success and reputation [9][10]. - The article suggests that maintaining silence on others' affairs fosters better relationships and cultivates a positive family environment [9][10]. Group 3: Closing the Door on Blame - The article emphasizes the importance of tolerance and understanding within families, advocating for a culture of not blaming each other. It shares historical examples of families that thrived due to their forgiving nature and supportive attitudes towards one another [15][16]. - It posits that a harmonious family environment, free from blame, leads to collective success and stability over generations [15][16]. Group 4: Closing the Door on Negativity - The article underscores the significance of kindness and good deeds within a family, suggesting that a family known for its benevolence will reap long-term benefits and blessings. It cites the example of a charitable family that gained respect and prosperity through their good actions [12][13]. - It concludes that a family's fortune is influenced more by their moral actions than by external factors, reinforcing the idea that positive behavior leads to a prosperous family legacy [12][13].

Core Viewpoint - The most valuable aspects of life are not material possessions but rather the free things that one can possess, such as health, peace, contentment, family ties, kindness, and self-cultivation [5][35]. Group 1: Health - Health is considered the most valuable asset and capital in life, as emphasized by philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who warned against sacrificing health for material gains [8][14]. - Many individuals neglect their health in pursuit of wealth, only to regret it when faced with illness [10][12]. - Maintaining good health allows individuals to recover from setbacks and mend relationships [15][17]. Group 2: Peace - Inner peace is described as the most precious form of self-cultivation, enabling individuals to remain calm and composed regardless of external circumstances [20]. - A balanced mindset helps in managing emotions and maintaining healthy relationships, ultimately leading to a more fulfilling life [20]. Group 3: Contentment - Contentment is highlighted as a key to happiness, with the idea that those who are satisfied with what they have are truly wealthy [21][29]. - The pursuit of unattainable desires can lead to a lifetime of dissatisfaction, while appreciating what one has brings true happiness [23][29]. Group 4: Family Ties - Family is portrayed as the most reliable support system, especially in times of hardship, emphasizing the importance of cherishing familial relationships [31]. - Unlike other relationships that may fade over time, family bonds remain steadfast and provide essential emotional support [31]. Group 5: Kindness - Kindness is presented as a significant virtue that brings personal rewards and strengthens social bonds, despite a growing trend of cynicism in society [32]. - Acts of kindness not only benefit others but also enhance one's own well-being and fortune [32]. Group 6: Self-Cultivation - The importance of self-cultivation is underscored, with the notion that understanding one's desires leads to a peaceful and fulfilling life [35]. - The article suggests that societal definitions of success may not align with personal happiness, advocating for a focus on intrinsic values [35].