Core Insights - Over 30% of Nobel Prize winners in science this century are immigrants, but the international mobility of scientists and students is facing increasing obstacles [1][5] Group 1: Immigrant Contributions to Nobel Prizes - Since 2000, 202 Nobel laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine have been identified, with 63 laureates having left their home countries before winning [1] - Among these, 65% of the scientists (41 individuals) moved to the United States, with others relocating to the UK and Germany [1] - In 2023, three new Nobel Prize winners in Physics were noted, with two being based in the US despite their foreign origins [1] Group 2: Historical Context and Current Trends - Historically, immigrants have played a significant role in the Nobel Prize landscape, with 40% of Nobel science awards in the US attributed to immigrants since 1901 [3][5] - The proportion of foreign winners in Physics is the highest at 37%, followed by Chemistry at 33% and Medicine at 23% [3] Group 3: Factors Influencing Immigrant Mobility - The high percentage of immigrant winners in Physics may be due to the field's reliance on expensive equipment, which is concentrated in a few leading countries [4] - The US has benefited significantly from international talent, with a notable increase in immigrant Nobel laureates from 22 awards between 1901-1959 to 96 awards from 1960-2025 [5] Group 4: Challenges to International Mobility - Recent policy changes in major study destinations like the US, Australia, Canada, and the UK have restricted international student admissions and visa issuance [6] - The Trump administration's cuts to research funding and new H-1B visa rules have further complicated the landscape for international researchers [6] Group 5: Future of Scientific Research Centers - The future location of the next Nobel Prize center remains uncertain, influenced by political, economic, and social factors that shape the research environment [7] - The success of research is not solely dependent on attracting star scientists but also requires substantial funding and time for institutional development [7]