Group 1 - The core idea of Marxism is to serve as a guide for action rather than a dogmatic formula, emphasizing the need for its principles to be adapted to specific historical contexts [1][2] - Marx and Engels warned against the mechanical application of Marxist theory, advocating for a creative combination of fundamental principles with local realities to address unique social contradictions [1][2] - The challenges faced by Marxism in the late 19th century included misinterpretations by bourgeois scholars and opportunistic factions within the German Social Democratic Party, which distorted the materialist conception of history [2][3] Group 2 - The Social Democratic Alliance in Britain struggled due to leadership's inability to move beyond dogmatism, which hindered the effective application of socialist theory in practice [3] - Marx and Engels identified themselves as "practicing materialists," emphasizing the importance of engaging in local labor struggles to ensure that socialist theory remains relevant and dynamic [3][4] - The adaptability of Marxism to contemporary issues and its evolution in response to new challenges is crucial for its enduring relevance, as demonstrated by its impact on China and the ongoing development of Marxist theory [4]