Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the 120th anniversary of Hu Quyuan, a prominent Marxist philosopher and educator in China, highlighting his contributions to philosophy and education at Fudan University [3]. Group 1: Biography and Academic Contributions - Hu Quyuan, originally named Hu Tingfang, was born in 1905 in Jiangling, Hubei, and became interested in philosophy after being influenced by Marxist teachings during his time at Peking University [5]. - After the liberation of Shanghai in 1949, Hu Quyuan experienced a golden period in his academic and educational career, founding the Marxist Philosophy Research Class in 1955 and establishing the Philosophy Department at Fudan University in 1956 [6]. Group 2: Philosophical Views and Teachings - Hu Quyuan emphasized that philosophy should reveal the universal essence of things and be closely related to people's lives, asserting that Marxist theory serves as a guide for action rather than a dogma [8]. - He criticized the Soviet textbook system for its one-sided emphasis on struggle and advocated for a more nuanced understanding of dialectical materialism, particularly the concept of "unity of opposites" as the core of dialectics [8]. - Hu Quyuan argued against the simplistic dichotomy of "materialism" and "idealism" in philosophical education, promoting the integration of theoretical learning with the study of philosophical history [8]. Group 3: Integration of Chinese and Western Philosophy - He believed in the importance of integrating Chinese philosophical traditions with Marxism, asserting that China's long-standing cultural values should not be undervalued in philosophical discourse [9]. - In his later years, he published works that challenged prevailing views on Chinese history and society, using Marxist perspectives to analyze traditional Chinese culture and its implications for contemporary thought [9]. Group 4: Legacy and Influence - Hu Quyuan's life reflects the spiritual journey of 20th-century Chinese intellectuals, and he expressed satisfaction in dedicating his life to the study and promotion of Marxist philosophy [11]. - His teachings and philosophical insights have left a lasting impact on the academic community, fostering a tradition of open discussion and integration of diverse philosophical perspectives at Fudan University [15][16].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the Wei Shi Philosophy Research Institute at Liaoning University aims to promote theoretical innovation and deepen academic originality, responding to the profound changes in society and emphasizing the connection between academia and practice [3][5]. Group 1: Event Overview - The first Wei Shi Philosophy Seminar and the unveiling ceremony of the Wei Shi Philosophy Research Institute were successfully held at Liaoning University, attended by renowned experts and scholars from various institutions [1]. - The opening ceremony was hosted by the Dean of the Philosophy Department, who emphasized the importance of theoretical and methodological self-awareness in Chinese philosophy [3]. Group 2: Institutional Goals and Philosophy - The Wei Shi Philosophy Research Institute adheres to the "three realities" concept of reality, truth, and pragmatism, aiming to engage with societal needs and promote philosophical innovation [5]. - The institute plans to follow a three-step approach: moving out of the campus, engaging with society, and advancing to the forefront of philosophical research [5]. Group 3: Expert Contributions - Professor Zhang Ke, the chief expert of the institute, discussed the stagnation in methodological innovation within the philosophy community and proposed Wei Shi as a new philosophical methodology centered on facts and reality [14]. - Various scholars presented their insights on the significance of Wei Shi philosophy, emphasizing its potential to address real-world issues and contribute to the development of a Chinese philosophical discourse [41][43]. Group 4: Methodological Discussions - The conference featured discussions on the application of Wei Shi methodology in various fields, including ethics, history, and political philosophy, highlighting its relevance in contemporary philosophical discourse [31][39]. - Scholars emphasized the need for a return to facts and the integration of emotional realities within the framework of Wei Shi philosophy, advocating for a comprehensive understanding of facts [39].

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the significant role of the masses in historical development, as articulated by Marx and Engels, who argue that history is created by the people rather than by individual thinkers [1][2][3] - Marx and Engels highlight that the first historical activity is the production of material necessities, which is fundamental for the masses to create history [2] - The importance of the proletariat and the masses in achieving communism is underscored, with the assertion that their movement is for the benefit of the majority [2] Group 2 - The concept of "acting masses" as the decisive force in historical development is presented as a methodological guide for understanding historical direction [4] - The Chinese Communist Party has consistently focused on transforming the mass perspective into concrete revolutionary practice, emphasizing the people's role in history [4][5] - Xi Jinping's statements reinforce the need to rely on the people for historical achievements, highlighting the importance of engaging with the masses to harness their creative power [5]

Core Ideas - The article emphasizes the importance of dialectical materialism as a method for understanding and addressing complex issues in society, as highlighted by Xi Jinping's call for enhanced dialectical thinking abilities [1][5] - It traces the historical development of dialectical materialism from ancient Greek philosophy through Hegel to its scientific application by Marx and Engels, who integrated it into both natural and historical materialism [1][2][3] Summary by Sections Historical Development of Dialectical Materialism - Dialectical thought has roots in ancient philosophy, with significant contributions from figures like Heraclitus and Hegel, but was scientifically weaponized by Marx and Engels [1] - Marx criticized Hegel's idealism and established materialist dialectics, focusing on the relationship between thought and reality [1][2] Application in Historical Materialism - Marx and Engels applied dialectical materialism to historical analysis, emphasizing the role of material production in shaping social life and historical development [2] - They articulated the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations, leading to the conclusion that capitalism would inevitably give way to socialism [2] Integration with Scientific Socialism - The practical application of dialectical materialism is evident in Marx and Engels' involvement in the international communist movement, where they combined theory with revolutionary practice [3] - This integration is reflected in foundational texts like the "Communist Manifesto" and their analysis of historical events such as the Paris Commune [3] Influence on Chinese Communist Party - The Chinese Communist Party has adopted dialectical materialism as a core component of its worldview and methodology, with leaders like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping applying these principles to Chinese revolutionary and reform practices [4][5] - Xi Jinping has reiterated the necessity of dialectical thinking in navigating contemporary challenges, advocating for a comprehensive understanding of contradictions in society [5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of technological innovation as a driving force for China's modernization and high-quality development [1][4] - The historical context of technological innovation is highlighted, referencing the Industrial Revolution and the transformative power of technology in labor processes [1][2] - The relationship between technological innovation and social structure changes is discussed, indicating that innovations in production tools and labor organization are crucial for enhancing productivity [2][3] Group 2 - The article underscores the need for a strong commitment to technological innovation, positioning it as a key variable for driving high-quality development in China [4] - It notes that the current wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation is a critical battleground for international strategic competition [4] - The importance of inheriting and promoting the tradition of valuing innovation within the Communist Party of China is emphasized, linking it to the country's historical achievements in science and technology [3][4]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the significant role of the Chinese people in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, highlighting that the strength of the people is the deepest source of power in warfare [4][8] - It reflects on historical events and the contributions of various individuals and groups during the war, showcasing the collective effort and sacrifices made by the Chinese populace [6][7] Summary by Sections Historical Context - The Anti-Japanese War is portrayed as a monumental struggle where the Chinese people united to overcome adversity, demonstrating resilience and strength [4][8] - Mao Zedong's assertion that "the people are the foundation of victory" is reiterated, emphasizing the importance of popular support in warfare [5] Leadership and Strategy - The article discusses the strategic approaches taken by the Chinese Communist Party, including mobilizing the masses and employing guerrilla tactics to counter the Japanese forces [5] - Xi Jinping's reflections on the necessity of relying on the people during the war highlight the deep connection between the Communist Party and the populace [5][6] Cultural and Emotional Resonance - Personal stories and anecdotes from the war, such as those of mothers and families who sacrificed their loved ones, are shared to illustrate the emotional weight of the struggle [7] - The narrative underscores the idea that the victory in the Anti-Japanese War is a collective honor for all Chinese people, reinforcing national pride and unity [8]

Core Viewpoint - The conference commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War highlighted significant research achievements in the field of anti-Japanese and World War II history, emphasizing the importance of these studies in understanding China's historical role and contributions [1][2]. Group 1 - The conference was organized by the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, with significant attendance from high-ranking officials [1]. - Eight major research achievements were released, representing a decade of collaborative efforts in the field, including the comprehensive eight-volume "History of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japan" [1]. - The "Newly Compiled History of World War II" focuses on promoting a correct view of World War II and highlights the significant position and contributions of the Chinese people's resistance in the global anti-fascist struggle [1]. Group 2 - Experts presented on various themes, including the importance of maintaining a correct view of World War II and the role of the Chinese Communist Party as a central force in the national resistance [2]. - Discussions also covered the historical significance of the Eastern Front in the World Anti-Fascist War and the need to uphold the post-war international order [2].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of coordinating material and spiritual civilization as a key feature of Chinese-style modernization [1][4][6] - Material civilization serves as the foundation for spiritual civilization, as historical materialism suggests that material production conditions shape social consciousness [2][3] - Spiritual civilization can lead the development of material civilization by providing direction and motivation through values and cultural cohesion [3][4] Group 2 - The coordination of material and spiritual civilization is a fundamental requirement for socialist modernization, aiming to meet the people's growing needs for a better life [4][6] - The historical context of Western modernization highlights the gap between material and spiritual civilization, which Chinese-style modernization seeks to bridge [4][5] - The ultimate goal of modernization is the comprehensive development of individuals, contrasting with the capital-centric approach of Western modernization [6][7] Group 3 - The current global and domestic challenges necessitate a solid material foundation and advanced spiritual culture to support the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation [7][8] - Practical paths for coordinating the two civilizations include enhancing material wealth through high-quality economic development and fostering spiritual wealth through cultural enrichment [8][9] - Humanistic economics emphasizes the organic integration of culture and economy as a crucial approach to achieving the coordination of material and spiritual civilization [10]

Group 1 - The core idea of Marxism is to serve as a guide for action rather than a dogmatic formula, emphasizing the need for its principles to be adapted to specific historical contexts [1][2] - Marx and Engels warned against the mechanical application of Marxist theory, advocating for a creative combination of fundamental principles with local realities to address unique social contradictions [1][2] - The challenges faced by Marxism in the late 19th century included misinterpretations by bourgeois scholars and opportunistic factions within the German Social Democratic Party, which distorted the materialist conception of history [2][3] Group 2 - The Social Democratic Alliance in Britain struggled due to leadership's inability to move beyond dogmatism, which hindered the effective application of socialist theory in practice [3] - Marx and Engels identified themselves as "practicing materialists," emphasizing the importance of engaging in local labor struggles to ensure that socialist theory remains relevant and dynamic [3][4] - The adaptability of Marxism to contemporary issues and its evolution in response to new challenges is crucial for its enduring relevance, as demonstrated by its impact on China and the ongoing development of Marxist theory [4]