稀土成矿
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【科技日报】新研究揭示稀土成矿关键因素
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2026-02-05 02:23
当碳酸质岩浆侵位较深,即大于0.3 GPa时,橄榄石最先结晶,大量消耗岩浆中的"硅",使得后续 结晶的磷灰石无法构建"牢笼",难以容纳和锁死稀土元素。同时,高压环境使岩浆能溶解更多的水,延 迟了热液流体的分离,促使体系向富碱和富挥发分的"盐熔体"演化;稀土元素在这类盐熔体中具有较高 的溶解度,因此能在残余熔体中持续富集,并结晶出大量过渡性的黄锶碳钠矿等矿物,为晚期氟碳铈矿 等经济矿物的大规模沉淀奠定基础。 上述发现阐释了全球碳酸岩型稀土矿床的分布规律。世界级稀土矿床,如中国的白云鄂博、牦牛坪 等,其成矿岩体侵位深度均大于10公里;而许多侵位较浅的碳酸岩体,如坦桑尼亚的伦盖伊等,虽然岩 石中也可能含稀土,但往往分散不富集,不具备开采经济价值。该研究首次构建了"压力—矿物结晶顺 序—熔体性质—稀土富集"的完整因果链条,不仅深化了对稀土超常富集机制的认知,也为碳酸岩型稀 土矿床的勘查提供了新启示。 当碳酸质岩浆侵位较浅,即小于0.3 GPa时,磷灰石会较早结晶,此时形成的磷灰石富含硅和钠, 其晶体结构如同一种特殊的"牢笼",能将稀土元素牢牢固定在晶格内,导致稀土元素在早期就被锁定, 难以继续迁移和聚集。同时,低压环 ...
新研究揭示稀土成矿关键因素
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2026-02-05 01:17
稀土是新能源、高新技术等领域不可或缺的关键原料。全球一半以上的稀土储量来自一种名为"碳酸 岩"的火成岩,然而,仅有不到10%的碳酸岩体真正形成了有经济价值的稀土矿床。为什么有的碳酸岩 富集稀土,有的却不能?研究团队用高温高压实验模拟了碳酸质岩浆在中上地壳(约地下6—20公里) 的冷却结晶过程,发现以大约地下10公里为界,其对应压力约0.3 GPa,岩浆的演化会呈现两条截然不 同的"命运之路"。 当碳酸质岩浆侵位较浅,即小于0.3 GPa时,磷灰石会较早结晶,此时形成的磷灰石富含硅和钠,其晶 体结构如同一种特殊的"牢笼",能将稀土元素牢牢固定在晶格内,导致稀土元素在早期就被锁定,难以 继续迁移和聚集。同时,低压环境促使岩浆释放出大量低盐度热液。这类热液搬运稀土元素的能力很 弱,无法将残余稀土有效聚集起来,因此难以驱动晚期形成具有经济价值的矿床。 4日,记者从中国科学院广州地球化学研究所获悉,该所薛硕副研究员、杨武斌研究员及其合作团队找 到了稀土成矿的原因。研究团队发现,碳酸质岩浆的侵位深度是控制稀土能否超常聚集的关键因素。相 关成果2月3日发表在国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》上。 上述发现阐释了全球碳酸岩型稀土矿床 ...
我国科学家首次在蕨类植物中发现稀土成矿现象
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-11-06 03:19
Core Insights - Rare earth elements are essential strategic resources in high-tech fields such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and national defense, but traditional mining methods cause significant environmental damage [1][2] - A study published in the journal "Environmental Science & Technology" reveals that the plant "Osmunda japonica" can accumulate rare earth elements and form a mineral called "lanthanite," marking the first observation of biogenic mineralization of rare earths in natural plants [1][4] Group 1 - The research team discovered that "Osmunda japonica" acts as a "rare earth vacuum cleaner," efficiently absorbing and concentrating rare earth elements from the soil [1][4] - The process involves the precipitation of rare earth elements in the form of nanoparticles within the plant's vascular bundles and epidermal tissues, which then crystallize into phosphate rare earth minerals [1][4] - This mechanism serves as a protective strategy for the plant, effectively "packaging" toxic rare earth ions into mineral structures, thus detoxifying them [1][4] Group 2 - The biogenic lanthanite formed by "Osmunda japonica" is pure and free of radioactive elements, presenting a promising green extraction potential compared to traditional mining methods [2][4] - The study highlights the previously underestimated mineralization capabilities of plants, opening new avenues for research on nearly a thousand known hyperaccumulating plant species [4] - The findings suggest a sustainable approach to rare earth resource utilization, where planting hyperaccumulating species like "Osmunda japonica" can aid in soil remediation while recovering valuable rare earths, achieving a green circular economy [4]