Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the release of the "Interim Measures for Total Control Management of Rare Earth Mining and Smelting Separation" by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, highlighting significant changes from the previous draft and their implications for the rare earth industry [3]. Summary by Sections Key Differences Between the Two Interim Measures - The annual quota for rare earths will no longer be publicly disclosed, shifting from a previously transparent process to a more controlled communication with provincial governments [4]. - The definition and scope of rare earth mining and smelting have been broadened, with the new measures simplifying the categorization of rare earth products [5]. - The responsibility for breaking down control indicators has shifted directly to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, removing the role of rare earth groups in this process [6]. - The tracking system for rare earth product flows has been detailed further, requiring monthly updates to be submitted to the relevant authorities [7]. - A new section on accountability and penalties has been introduced, including provisions for criminal liability for violations of the measures [9].