Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a significant breakthrough in the direct conversion of alkenes to alkynes, addressing a long-standing challenge in synthetic chemistry that has persisted since 1861. This advancement is expected to enhance the availability of diverse alkynes for applications, particularly in drug development [3][4]. Group 1: Research Background - Alkenes and alkynes are fundamental to modern synthetic chemistry, with numerous Nobel Prizes awarded for related breakthroughs. However, the supply of alkynes is limited compared to alkenes, which are more abundant and affordable [3]. - The research led by Professor Jiao Ning's team at Peking University published in Nature outlines a method using a selenium-based reagent to overcome the harsh conditions historically required for alkene to alkyne conversion [4][5]. Group 2: Methodology and Innovation - The team utilized a novel strategy called "cascade activation" and "entropy-increasing reconstruction," building on years of experience in carbon-carbon bond reconstruction. This approach allowed them to identify a selenium-containing compound, Selenanthrene, as a key reagent for the conversion process [5][6]. - Selenanthrene, which has been largely overlooked in synthetic chemistry for over a century, was found to possess dual capabilities for activation and leaving group potential, enabling efficient conversion of alkenes to alkynes under mild conditions [6]. Group 3: Reaction Conditions and Compatibility - The new method demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility, allowing for the transformation of sensitive substrates such as halides and various active groups, including aldehydes and amines, under mild conditions [6][10]. - The research also achieved the conversion of both cis and trans alkenes, showcasing a broad substrate applicability and expanding the potential supply of diverse alkynes [10]. Group 4: Mechanistic Insights - The team conducted an in-depth analysis of the reaction mechanism, developing strategies for stereoselective transformations, including the interconversion of cis and trans isomers, which were previously challenging to achieve [8][10].