66 这项成果是化学领域的重要 发现,获奖者首次实现了金 属离子与有机分子的有序结 合，成功设计出具有较大孔 洞的晶体结构,为合成具有 可控空间的化合物提供了新 方法。今天的研究者正利用 这一技术,为人类面临的资 源、能源与环境挑战寻找解 决方案。 5 P 三位获奖者用他们的发现, Flexible MOF Gas Figure 4. In 1998, Kitagawa proposed that metal-organic frameworks could be made flexible. There are now numerous flexible MOFs which can change shape, for example when they are filled or emptied of various substances. 图片来源:瑞典皇家科学院 ©,插画 / 约翰·亚尔内斯塔德 奥马尔 · M · 亚吉 则创造出高度稳定的金属有机框架,并证明 可以通过理性设计对其进行调控,使其具备 新的理想性能。 MOF Carbon Zinc Cavity Oxygen Figure 5, In ...

Core Insights - Clarivate announced the 2025 Citation Laureates, recognizing 22 distinguished scholars from 8 countries, including Zhang Tao from China for his pioneering work in single-atom catalysis, making him the first scientist from mainland China to receive this award [1][3]. Group 1: Award Significance - The Citation Laureates award is based on a comprehensive evaluation of multidimensional data, including citation performance, originality and breakthrough of research, identification of core contributors, and peer recognition [5]. - Since its establishment in 2002, 83 Citation Laureates have eventually won Nobel Prizes, highlighting the award's significance in identifying impactful researchers [5]. Group 2: Zhang Tao's Contributions - Zhang Tao and his team proposed the concept of single-atom catalysis in 2011, advancing heterogeneous catalysis research to an atomic precision scale, laying the scientific foundation for precise control in catalytic processes [3]. - The systematic research conducted by Zhang's team not only advanced the field of catalysis but also had a broad impact on various interdisciplinary fields such as energy chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine [3]. - Single-atom catalysis has influenced both academia and industrial applications, with new processes achieving industrial-scale implementation, supporting green chemistry and carbon neutrality goals [3].

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the team led by Shen Qilong from the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry decodes the redox behavior of copper in Ullmann-type coupling reactions, providing new insights into the catalytic mechanisms involved [2][3][5]. Group 1 - The study reveals the reaction process between well-defined Cu(I) complexes and electron-deficient aryl iodides, leading to the formation of separable Cu(III)-aryl complexes, which subsequently undergo reductive elimination to form C(sp²)−CF₃ bonds [4]. - The research demonstrates that the copper species undergo an oxidation-reduction cycle involving Cu(I)/Cu(III)/Cu(II)/Cu(III)/Cu(I), highlighting the complexity of copper's behavior in these reactions [4][5]. - The team successfully interrupted the catalytic cycle using temperature control and captured the reactivity of copper species through various spectroscopic methods, allowing for an in-depth mechanistic analysis [4][5].

Core Viewpoint - Recent advancements in photocatalytic hydrogen cleavage have been achieved by a research team from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the University of Trieste, Italy, enabling hydrogen cleavage at room temperature [1][2]. Group 1: Research Significance - Hydrogen is a key element in transforming nitrogen into fertilizers and converting carbon dioxide into gasoline, but its cleavage is challenging due to the strong bond between hydrogen atoms [1]. - The research focuses on hydrogen activation, a crucial step in hydrogenation reactions, which accounts for about 25% of chemical processes [1]. Group 2: Methodology and Findings - The team developed a photocatalytic strategy that utilizes spatially adjacent positive and negative charge centers to achieve efficient hydrogen cleavage at room temperature [2]. - By using gold/titanium dioxide as a model catalyst, the team demonstrated that ultraviolet light can induce electron migration, enhancing hydrogen cleavage efficiency [2]. Group 3: Practical Applications - The hydrogen species generated can completely convert inert carbon dioxide into ethane at room temperature, with the catalyst maintaining stable operation for over 1500 hours [3]. - This process significantly reduces energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, contributing to the optimization of carbon resource utilization and offering a new model for the upgrading and transformation of modern coal chemical industries [3].

据8月27日《自然》杂志报道，英国伦敦大学学院（UCL）化学家通过模拟早期地球的条件，首次实现 了RNA与氨基酸的化学连接。这一难题自20世纪70年代以来一直困扰着科学家，如今，这一突破性成 果为解答生命起源中"蛋白质如何合成"的关键问题提供了新思路。 氨基酸是蛋白质的构建单元，而蛋白质是生命的"主力军"，几乎参与所有生物过程。然而，蛋白质无法 自我复制或合成，它们需要"说明书"，而这一说明书由RNA提供。RNA是DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）的近 亲，负责传递遗传信息，控制蛋白质合成。 在现代生物体内，核糖体负责合成蛋白质。它读取信使RNA（mRNA）上的遗传密码，将氨基酸依次拼 接成蛋白质。核糖体就像一条流水线，逐个读取RNA上的指令，并将氨基酸依次拼接，形成蛋白质。 此次，研究团队完成了这一复杂过程的第一步。他们在中性水溶液环境下，通过化学反应将氨基酸与 RNA连接。研究表明，该反应具有自发性和选择性，并可能在40亿年前的原始地球池塘或湖泊中发 生。 过去，此类实验往往依赖高反应性分子，但它们在水中不稳定，导致氨基酸彼此结合而非与RNA结 合。现在，团队借鉴生物学机制，引入了硫酯作为活化中间体。硫酯是一类高能化 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a significant research breakthrough by a team led by Professor Wang Quanming from Tsinghua University, focusing on the structural evolution of silver nanoclusters, specifically icosahedral forms, which are essential for understanding their unique properties [1]. Group 1 - The research published in the journal Science details the synthesis of two giant silver icosahedral nanoclusters containing 213 and 429 silver atoms, serving as model systems for studying the formation process of icosahedra [1][3]. - X-ray diffraction studies indicate that these nanoclusters possess a multilayer structure, supporting a gradual evolution process from nuclei to seeds [1][3]. - The emergence of surface plasmon resonance confirms the metallic characteristics of these silver nanoclusters, highlighting their potential applications in various fields [1][3]. Group 2 - The study successfully utilized ligand engineering and kinetic control to synthesize the two types of giant silver nanoclusters, Ag213 and Ag429, with specific ligands that enhance their stability and properties [3]. - Ag429 is noted as the largest reported silver nanocluster containing 260 valence electrons, showcasing the advancements in nanomaterial synthesis [3]. - The research reveals the atomic-level precise structure of the silver icosahedra, elucidating the layered evolution mechanism from nuclei to seeds [3].

Group 1 - The event "Interdisciplinary Crossing: Space Station for Innovation Principals" was held at the Shanghai Natural History Museum, featuring Nobel Laureate Bernard Feringa as a keynote speaker [1][3] - Feringa emphasized the importance of creativity and imagination among young people to drive innovation and societal development [3][5] - His lecture titled "The Joy of Discovery" highlighted advancements in molecular motors and switches, pointing out the vast possibilities offered by synthetic chemistry in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and displays [3][5] Group 2 - Feringa introduced his new book "Fascinating Chemistry: Molecules in Life," which aims to make complex chemical knowledge accessible and engaging through everyday phenomena [5] - The event was seen as a platform to inspire children's scientific dreams, as noted by Ni Minjing, the director of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum [5]

Core Insights - The research team has synthesized the first stable ferrocene derivative with 20 electrons, breaking the long-standing "18-electron rule" in organometallic chemistry, which could lead to new possibilities in chemical research and the development of novel catalysts [1][2] Group 1: Breakthrough in Organometallic Chemistry - The "18-electron rule" has been a fundamental principle in the stability of transition metal complexes, indicating that a system is most stable when the sum of the metal center's electron count and the ligand's contribution equals 18 [1] - The newly synthesized ferrocene derivative features a unique bonding between iron and nitrogen atoms, allowing for the presence of two "excess" electrons, which endows the molecule with unconventional redox properties [1] Group 2: Potential Applications - The formation of iron-nitrogen bonds in the new compound provides a richer and more diverse pathway for electron transfer, suggesting potential applications in energy storage and chemical synthesis [2] - Existing ferrocene derivatives are already utilized in various fields, including solar cells, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices, and this breakthrough may not only optimize current applications but also lead to entirely new materials and uses [2]

Core Insights - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation in synthetic chemistry is seen as the future, enhancing efficiency and reducing reliance on traditional trial-and-error methods [1][3][4] - The vastness of chemical space presents significant challenges for chemists, with the theoretical number of small molecules that can be synthesized reaching 10^60, far exceeding the number of stars in the universe [2][3] - Current methodologies in synthetic chemistry include "top-down" experimental approaches and "bottom-up" theoretical approaches, both facing efficiency and universality challenges, necessitating new tools [3][4] Group 1: Challenges in Synthetic Chemistry - Synthetic chemistry is fundamental for creating materials essential for agriculture, health, and industry, but faces increasing demands for new materials and performance [1][2] - The "top-down" approach relies on chemists' intuition and experience, while the "bottom-up" approach uses computational methods, both of which have limitations in efficiency and applicability [2][3] Group 2: Automation and AI in Research - Automation in laboratories, such as high-throughput technology, has been adopted to enhance efficiency in catalyst development, significantly reducing the time required for experiments [4][5] - The use of automated platforms allows researchers to design and test thousands of catalyst formulations quickly, leading to the discovery of new materials that would take much longer through traditional methods [5][6] Group 3: Future Directions - AI's role in chemistry is currently as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for human intuition, with significant potential for development in interpreting experimental results [6][8] - The concept of "self-driving laboratories" is emerging, where automated systems can analyze results and autonomously design subsequent experiments, creating a rapid iterative cycle of design, execution, and learning [9][10]