Core Insights - The article discusses the pervasive presence of nanoplastics/microplastics (NMP) in the environment and their potential health impacts on humans, particularly concerning cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease [2][3][4]. Group 1: Health Impacts of Nanoplastics - Research from the University of Rhode Island indicates that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NMP) can accumulate in the brain and lead to cognitive decline, especially in individuals carrying the Alzheimer's risk gene APOE4 [4][5]. - The APOE4 gene significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with a threefold increase in risk for one copy and an 8-12 fold increase for two copies [5]. - The study highlights that lifestyle and environmental factors, alongside genetic predisposition, play a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer's disease [5]. Group 2: Experimental Findings - The research involved genetically modified mice, one group carrying the APOE4 gene and another carrying the APOE3 gene, exposed to PS-NMP in drinking water for three weeks [6]. - Results showed that PS-NMP entered various organs, including the brain, and affected cognitive abilities, with APOE4 mice exhibiting altered behavior and impaired memory recognition [6][7]. - The study found gender-dependent behavioral changes in mice, mirroring observed differences in Alzheimer's patients, where male patients show more apathy and female patients exhibit greater memory decline [7]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The findings raise concerns about the cognitive decline associated with exposure to nanoplastics, which are common environmental toxins [8]. - A related study published in Nature Medicine confirmed the presence of microplastics in human brains, particularly in dementia patients, suggesting a link between microplastics and neurodegenerative diseases [12]. - Another study revealed that microplastics in the bloodstream could induce cerebral thrombosis, leading to neurobehavioral abnormalities [13].