Core Insights - The article discusses the historical and cultural significance of turquoise, particularly from Iran, highlighting its value as both a gemstone and a cultural symbol [1][5][6] Group 1: Historical Context - Nishapur, located in Iran's Khorasan province, is one of the oldest turquoise production sites, with evidence of processed turquoise dating back to around 5000 BC [3] - The turquoise industry in Nishapur reached its peak during the Safavid dynasty, producing the majority of Iran's turquoise for centuries [3][4] - Turquoise was historically traded along the Silk Road, reaching markets in South Asia, Europe, and North Africa, with many foreign explorers documenting the region's turquoise industry [3] Group 2: Cultural Significance - Turquoise holds a special place in Persian literature, symbolizing beauty and power, akin to jade in Chinese culture [4][5] - Persian poets frequently referenced turquoise in their works, associating it with victory and divine favor [5] - The gemstone is believed to possess mystical properties, enhancing the power and authority of rulers who adorned themselves with turquoise crowns and jewelry [5] Group 3: Quality Assessment - The value of turquoise is primarily determined by its color, with deep blue or sky blue varieties, known as "Persian blue," being the most prized [6] - Other quality indicators include the uniformity of color distribution and the clarity of the surface, with well-patterned stones fetching higher prices [6] - The hardness and density of turquoise also play a role in its valuation, with high-quality stones being more resistant to wear and tear [6] Group 4: Market and Applications - After processing, turquoise is sold in local markets, initially used for jewelry such as rings and necklaces, but now also for more complex decorative items [8] - Turquoise is widely used in architectural decoration, seen as a representation of heavenly beauty in significant historical buildings [8] - The popularity of turquoise jewelry in Iran spans various price ranges, appealing to both local and international markets, with increasing recognition among celebrities [8]