Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical roots of American isolationism, emphasizing its connections to political, cultural, and racial factors, and how these elements have shaped the U.S. foreign policy over time [1][20]. Political Factors - Early American leaders, such as Washington and Adams, advocated for a cautious foreign policy due to the nation's geographical isolation and vulnerability as a new country [1]. - The founding fathers believed that democracy was ill-suited for handling foreign relations, leading to a preference for isolationism [1][4]. Cultural Values - Many early immigrants viewed America as a "city upon a hill," a chosen nation that should maintain distance from "corrupt cultures" of the world, reinforcing the idea of a morally pure society [2]. - The concept of "American Creed" emerged, emphasizing political values like individual rights, freedom, and equality, which defined American identity beyond ethnic or racial lines [4]. Racial Factors - Racial homogeneity has been a significant aspect of American identity, with historical figures expressing concerns about incorporating non-white populations into the nation [3][6]. - Throughout the 19th century, American expansionism was often limited by racial considerations, as seen in debates over the annexation of territories with non-white populations [7][8]. Historical Context - The article highlights specific historical events, such as the Mexican-American War and the acquisition of Hawaii, to illustrate how racial attitudes influenced expansionist policies [8][11]. - The reluctance to annex territories like the Dominican Republic and the Philippines was rooted in fears of racial integration and the potential disruption of the American social fabric [9][14]. Conclusion - The article concludes that American isolationism is deeply intertwined with racial identity and societal homogeneity, suggesting that contemporary trends may reflect a resurgence of these historical sentiments [20].