Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the passage of the "Big and Beautiful" Act by the U.S. House of Representatives, highlighting its significant tax cuts for corporations and wealthy individuals while adversely affecting lower-income populations [3][4][12]. Summary by Sections Tax Cuts and Economic Impact - The "Big and Beautiful" Act permanently extends the corporate and personal tax cuts from Trump's first term, reducing the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and extending tax incentives for business investments [6][7]. - Most personal and estate tax provisions set to expire in 2025 are also made permanent, benefiting wealthy individuals while cutting $1.2 trillion from programs like Medicaid and food assistance [8][11]. - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the act could lead to 11.8 million Americans losing health insurance and 3 million low-income individuals losing food assistance over the next decade [8]. Criticism and Social Consequences - The act has been criticized as a "robbing the poor to pay the rich" policy, as it disproportionately benefits the wealthy at the expense of the working class and vulnerable populations [12]. - According to Yale University, the lowest-income Americans may see a 2.3% decrease in after-tax income over the next decade, while the highest-income individuals could see a 2% increase [11]. Environmental and Defense Spending Changes - The act effectively dismantles Biden's green energy policies, eliminating tax incentives for electric vehicle purchases and increasing support for traditional energy sources [13]. - It also significantly boosts military spending and immigration enforcement, allocating an additional $150 billion for military and $70 billion for border enforcement [14]. National Debt Implications - The act is projected to increase the national debt by $3.4 trillion, raising it to nearly $40 trillion, with a provision to raise the debt ceiling by $5 trillion [15]. - Analysts view the passage of this act as a major legislative victory for Trump, marking a significant shift in U.S. fiscal policy from Biden's focus on clean energy and social welfare to Trump's tax cuts and defense spending [15][16].

几经波折，特朗普政府推动的3.4万亿美元税收和支出法案获美国国会通过，标志着美国国内政策方向的重大转变。 当地时间周四，美国众议院以218票对214票的微弱优势通过了特朗普政府"大漂亮法案"的立法，赶在特朗普设定的7月4日最后期限前送交总统签署。 特朗普表 示计划于周五下午4点在白宫举行的仪式上签署这项法案。 该法案在国会两院的"闯关"过程充满了戏剧性，周三众议院领导层不得不将早期程序性投票延长数小时，以说服少数反对者支持该立法，此前副总统JD Vance 在参议院以51票对50票的表决中投出关键一票打破平局。 这项立法标志着美国财政政策的重大转向， 从拜登时代的清洁能源投资和社会保障扩张，转向延续特朗普第一任期内的减税、国防开支增加和移民执法强化的 政策组合，大幅削减了医疗项目、食品援助和清洁能源项目的资金。 减税条款永久化，哈佛等私立大学面临8%的净投资收入税 法案永久延长了特朗普2017年《减税和就业法案》的大部分个人和遗产税条款，这些条款原定于2025年底到期。延长的条款包括提高标准扣除额、降低大多 数纳税人的所得税税率、增加儿童税收抵免，以及将个人免征联邦遗产税的遗产金额翻倍。 法案还兑现了特朗普2 ...